Toxin-induced aversive context conditioning: Assessing active aversive behaviors conditioned to the context of an automated activity monitor

Novel Fat Taste Receptor Agonists Curtail Progressive Weight Gain in Obese Male Mice

“…The sequence alignment of templates and the full-length sequence of CD36 were generated using MultiSeq plugin of VMD. The Modeller 9.2 50 was used to generate missed parts of the structure. We used the secondary structure prediction from C-I-TASSER server 47 to impose secondary structure restraints for the linkers between extracellular domain and the transmembrane helices.…”

“…The CD36 protein was inserted into POPC lipid membrane using CHARMM GUI membrane builder tool. 50 The orientation of the protein followed orientation of the transmembrane helices predicted by PREDDIMER. In addition to 9 glycosylated residues present in the crystal structure, the residue 163 was glycosylated with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and the residues 3, 7, 464 and 466 were palmitoylated as suggested by annotation in the UniProt database.…”

Evaluating proxies for motion sickness in rodent

“…Later, numerous studies showed that rats/mice responded with pica and/or CTAver/CTAvoi to the causative drugs (with efficacious dose) of human nausea/emesis and emetic animal retching. Theses drugs include lithium chloride, nicotine, copper sulfate, apomorphine, veratrine, resiniferatoxin, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, actinomycin D and 5-fluorouracil, 2-doxy- D -glucose, cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), lactose, morphine, oxycodone and ritonavir etc, to name a few (e.g., Alhadeff et al, 2015 ; Andrews and Horn, 2006 ; Aung et al, 2004 , Aung et al, 2005 ; Batra and Schrott, 2011 ; De Jonghe and Horn, 2008 ; Doobay et al, 2021 ; Goineau and Castagné 2016 ; Horn et al, 2009 , Horn et al, 2013 ; Krane et al, 1976 ; Kumar et al, 1983 ; Li et al, 2018 ; Limebeer and Parker, 2000 ; Liu et al, 2005 ; McCutcheon et al, 1992 ; Nakajima, 2018 ; Parker, 2014 ; Rudd et al, 1998 ; Shi, 2014 ; Shinpo et al, 2012 ; Takeda et al, 1993 ; Watson and Leitner, 1988 ; Watson et al, 1987 ; Wittlin and Brookshire, 1968 ; Yamamoto et al, 2002 , Yamamoto et al, 2004 , Yamamoto et al, 2007 , Yamamoto et al, 2011 , Yamamoto et al, 2014 ; Yuan et al, 2009 ) More compelling data supporting the strong link of pica-nausea/emesis can be further exemplified by the high resemblance of responses to cisplatin represented by the cancer patients and rats. Both species reacted to cisplatin with biphasic phases (acute and delayed) over time of drug action.…”