Toxin-Induced Cerebellar Disorders

Dolbec, Katelyn; Dobbs, Michael; Ibraheem, Mam

doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2020.07.003

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Exposure to methylmercury has been associated with widespread neurological injury and diffuse encephalopathy [49]. However, selectivity has been noted.…”

Section: Mercury(hg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Toxic Elements Disrupts Metabolic Processes in the Human: Review

Ali¹

2023

JBB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Toxic elements are inorganic substances that do not have a physiological or functional role within the human body. Most metabolic processes are disrupted due to their accumulation through prolonged exposure to them from the environment. Toxic elements make up an extensive and very toxicologically dangerous group of substances. Usually, four elements are considered: Hg (mercury), Pb (lead), Cd (cadmium), and As (arsenic). ResultsExposure to methylmercury has been associated with widespread neurological injury and diffuse encephalopathy. However, selectivity has been noted. The substance is toxic to some groups of nerve cells over others. Clinical signs of acute mercury exposure include Headache, nausea, and tremors. After chronic exposure, the onset of peripheral neuropathies has been described. ConclusionThe accumulation of toxic heavy elements in general and cadmium, mercury, and lead (Pd) in particular leads to an imbalance in the metabolic processes and results in fat accumulation in the body. Thus, it causes obesity.

show abstract

“…Exposure to methylmercury has been associated with widespread neurological injury and diffuse encephalopathy [49]. However, selectivity has been noted.…”

Section: Mercury(hg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Toxic Elements Disrupts Metabolic Processes in the Human: Review

Ali¹

2023

JBB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other adverse events due to chronicexposure include gingival hyperplasia and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Dangerous skin manifestations of acute intravenous use include purple hand syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and ischemia of the skin [12]. CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are both involved in phenytoin metabolism and genetic polymorphisms increase the risk of ataxia in this subset of the population [13].…”

Section: Antiepileptics Phenytoinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and eslicarbazepine all pose significant risks of producing cerebellar ataxia9. Toxicity of these agents produces nystagmus, ataxia, disequilibrium, headache and potentially alterations in mental status [12]. In a review of randomized placebo-controlled trials, oxcarbazepine had the highest absolute risk increase of producing ataxia, with patients being at 23 times higher risk of developing ataxia compared to placebo9.In the same study, thenumber needed to harm was less than ten [9].…”

Section: Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Eslicarbazepinementioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

ACC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ataxia is the inability to coordinate voluntary movement and can present with a variety of symptoms involving dyscoordination of gait and extremity movement, slurred speech, and abnormal eye movements. Ataxia can be divided into either cerebellar or sensory. Cerebellar ataxia originates from damage to the cerebellum or its connecting tracts, while sensory ataxia is a result of damage to the afferent sensory pathways such as the dorsal column and large myelinated proprioceptive fibers.

show abstract

“…Trauma may worsen ataxic symptoms in certain conditions like vanishing white matter disease and episodic ataxia type 2. Toxins and chemicals [172][173][174] Alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, heavy metals, phencyclidine, toluene, paraquat, phosphine, eucalyptus oil, shellfish poisoning, scorpion sting, cocaine, heroin, toluene, and phencyclidine may cause ataxic symptoms.…”

Section: Superficial Siderosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatable Ataxias: How to Find the Needle in the Haystack?

Stezin

Pal²

2022

JMD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Treatable ataxias are a group of ataxic disorders with specific treatments. These disorders include genetic and metabolic disorders, immune-mediated ataxic disorders, and ataxic disorders associated with infectious and parainfectious etiology, vascular causes, toxins and chemicals, and endocrinopathies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different treatable ataxias. The major metabolic and genetic treatable ataxic disorders include ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, Niemann-Pick disease type C, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia due to coenzyme Q10 deficiency, glucose transporter type 1 deficiency, and episodic ataxia type 2. The treatment of these disorders includes the replacement of deficient cofactors and vitamins, dietary modifications, and other specific treatments. Treatable ataxias with immune-mediated etiologies include gluten ataxia, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated ataxia, steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, Miller-Fisher syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Although dietary modification with a gluten-free diet is adequate in gluten ataxia, other autoimmune ataxias are managed by short-course steroids, plasma exchange, or immunomodulation. For autoimmune ataxias secondary to malignancy, treatment of tumor can reduce ataxic symptoms. Chronic alcohol consumption, antiepileptics, anticancer drugs, exposure to insecticides, heavy metals, and recreational drugs are potentially avoidable and treatable causes of ataxia. Infective and parainfectious causes of cerebellar ataxias include acute cerebellitis, postinfectious ataxia, Whipple’s disease, meningoencephalitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. These disorders are treated with steroids and antibiotics. Recognizing treatable disorders is of paramount importance when dealing with ataxias given that early treatment can prevent permanent neurological sequelae.

show abstract

Toxin-Induced Cerebellar Disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Accumulation of Toxic Elements Disrupts Metabolic Processes in the Human: Review

Accumulation of Toxic Elements Disrupts Metabolic Processes in the Human: Review

Untitled

Treatable Ataxias: How to Find the Needle in the Haystack?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About