Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) eggs in the Pleistocene site of Menez-Dregan, France (300,000-500,000 years before present)

Bouchet, Françoise; Araújo, Adauto; Harter, Stéphanie; Chaves, Sérgio M.; Duarte, Antonio Nascimento; Monnier, Jean‐Laurent; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762003000900020

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The steady growth of dog populations in urban areas increases the likelihood of transmission of zoonotic helminths, particularly Toxocara canis an ancient parasite of canids, as indicated by paleoparasitological analysis of egg fossils (Bouchet et al 2003). This roundworm is a nematode of the order Ascaridida, superfamily Ascaridoidea and family Toxocaridae, whose adults forms live attached to the mucosa of the small intestine, mainly in puppies and older dogs, daily producing thousands of non-infectious immature eggs that are excreted with the feces into the environment (Daryani et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic activity of the fungusPochonia chlamydosporiaon mature and immatureToxocara caniseggs

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYIn vitrotests were performed to evaluate the ability of 6 isolates of the nematophagous fungusPochonia chlamydosporiato infect immature and matureToxocara caniseggs on cellulose dialysis membrane. There was a direct relationship between the number of eggs colonized and the increase in the days of interaction, as well as between the number of eggs colonized and the increase in the concentration of chlamydospores (P<0·05). Immature eggs were more susceptible to infection than mature eggs. The isolate Pc-04 was the most efficient egg parasite until the 7th day, and showed no difference in capacity to infect mature and immature eggs in comparison to Pc-07 at 14 and 21 days of interaction, respectively. Isolate Pc-04 was the most infective on the two evolutionary phases of the eggs at most concentrations, but its ability to infect immature eggs did not differ from that presented by the isolates Pc-07 and Pc-10 at the inoculum level of 5000 chlamydospores. Colonization of infective larvae inside or outside the egg was observed in treatments with the isolates Pc-03, Pc-04, Pc-07 and Pc-10. The isolate Pc-04 ofP. chlamydosporiahas great biological capacity to destroy immature and matureT. caniseggs in laboratory conditions.

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confidence: 99%

Antagonistic activity of the fungusPochonia chlamydosporiaon mature and immatureToxocara caniseggs

et al. 2012

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“…Pike [38], Jouy-Avantin et al [29], and Bouchet et al [10] did not find helminth eggs using flotation, which is not unusual since the eggs found, Fasciola, Dicrocoelium and Toxocara, are too dense to float and are better observed using sedimentation techniques. For this reason, we are surprised that Dittmar and Teegen [12] found Fasciola eggs using a flotation with saturated sodium chloride method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…To hydrate the samples we have used distilled water with 10% glycerine for 2e3 days, whereas most of the authors consulted used an aqueous trisodium phosphate solution to hydration [2,5,7,19,43], for a period between 48 and 72 h [21,29,40], 1 week [22,38], 2e3 weeks [9,12] or 5 weeks [10] depending on whether the samples were from soil, human remains or coprolites. In some cases, some authors [23] added 5% glycerine to intensify the hydration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New paleoparasitological techniques

Argüello¹

2006

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…Toxocarosis is a geohelmintic zoonosis resulting from the accidental ingestion of eggs of Toxocara canis, which become infectious after an incubation period of two to five weeks. However, the high resistance of the eggshell allows them to survive for years in soil (Wharton, 1980;Bouchet et al, 2003).…”

Section: Paecilomyces Lilacinus (Thom) Samson Is a Soil Filamentous Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the biological properties of two strains of Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson associated to their antagonistic effect onto Toxocara canis eggs

Gortari¹,

Galarza²,

Cazau³

et al. 2008

MJM

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Biological control of nematodes by fungi is a promising field of application at large scale. Nematode egg is probably the most resistant stage in the nematode life-cycle, however they are susceptible to colonization and destruction by fungal egg-parasites. Fungal extra-cellular enzymes are able to degrade the main chemical constituents of nematode eggshell and at least they are partly responsible for fungal penetration and/or digestion of the internal tissues. Paecilomyces lilacinus was reported as an ovicidal fungus of Toxocara canis eggs in vitro, a parasite of dogs causing toxocarosis. Two wild-type P. lilacinus LPSC # 876 and LPSC # 44 strains, isolated from soil in the main park in the city of La Plata and an agricultural field, respectively, in Argentina, showed antagonism onto T. canis eggs. Besides from the isolation source, both strains showed similar hydrolytic profiles activities, ovicidal effect, and grew well on chitin agar, although no chitinolytic activity was detected. Nevertheless, both strains displayed proteolytic and chitinolytic activities in liquid cultures, with maximum values at 14 days of growth. Variable enzyme activities were observed on carboxymethylcellulose and starch agars, whereas the lipolytic activity was poor in both. Percentage of infected T. canis eggs was found 65.6% and 63.2% for P. lilacinus LPSC # 876 and # 44 strains respectively. Our results a priori indicate that P. lilacinus LPSC # 876 shows suitable characteristics as a potential agent for biocontrol of T. canis.

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Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) eggs in the Pleistocene site of Menez-Dregan, France (300,000-500,000 years before present)

Abstract: On the archaeological site of France, dated 300, paleoparasitological

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Antagonistic activity of the fungusPochonia chlamydosporiaon mature and immatureToxocara caniseggs

Antagonistic activity of the fungusPochonia chlamydosporiaon mature and immatureToxocara caniseggs

New paleoparasitological techniques

Comparison of the biological properties of two strains of Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson associated to their antagonistic effect onto Toxocara canis eggs

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