Toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children

Carvalho, Elaine Alvarenga de Almeida; Rocha, Regina Lunardi

doi:10.2223/jped.2074

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…25 Contact with a young dog is an important risk factor for infection with Toxocara spp. [26][27][28] However, this variable was not significant in our study, despite higher rates in both groups: 16.7% (1/6) in G1 and 20% (3/15) in G2.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Human Toxocariasis: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Biosafety in Research Laboratories

Mattos

Santos

Telmo

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic disease worldwide. Researchers studying this disease use infectious strains of Toxocara for experiments. Health workers are at risk in the course of their daily routine and must adhere to biosafety standards while carrying out the activities. Researchers on biosafety concerning working with these parasites are insufficient. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of seroprevalence of Toxocara species among health-care research laboratory workers (professors, technicians, and students), and to investigate the risk factors of Toxocara infection associated with laboratory practices. This cross-sectional study involved 74 researchers at two federal universities in southern Brazil from February 2014 to February 2015; 29 researchers manipulated infective strains of Toxocara canis (test group) and 45 did not (control group). Serum samples were examined using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Epidemiological data were obtained via a questionnaire containing information about laboratory routine, eating behavior, and contact with dogs. The seroprevalence of anti-T. canis IgG was 14.9% (11/74; 13.8% [4/29] in the test group and 15.6% [7/45] in the control group). Most individuals in the test group correctly understood the primary mode of infection; however, 13.8% did not use gloves while manipulating T. canis eggs. Knowledge of biosafety must be well understood by health-care professionals doing laboratory work with biological agents. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the rate of seroprevalence of IgG against Toxocara spp. among professionals and students who handle infective forms of the nematode T. canis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Human Toxocariasis: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Biosafety in Research Laboratories

Mattos

Santos

Telmo

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The presence of asthma or a wheezing breath in patients with toxocariasis was confirmed by many authors [10,11]. The frequency of both symptoms varies from 9% to more than 30% of adult patients [12]. Haemoptysis as the symptom of pulmonary toxocariasis was not described in children; however, a few descriptions were found for adults [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Pulmonary Presentation of Toxocara sp. Infection in Children

Mazur‐Melewska¹,

Jończyk‐Potoczna²,

Kemnitz³

et al. 2015

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between radiological findings, blood eosinophilia, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and G and Toxocara seropositivity in Polish children with newly diagnosed pulmonary infiltration. Material and methods:We retrospectively analyzed the documentation of 119 patients, aged 1 to 18 years (mean age: 7.21 ± 4.82), who were seropositive in regards to Toxocara sp. antibodies. In all cases, peripheral blood eosinophils and leukocyte counts, serum total IgE, IgG levels and specific IgG antibodies against excretory and secretory Toxocara sp. antigens were measured at the first presentation. After the confirmation of seropositivity, all children had a routine radiological examination. Results: In the documentation of 23 children (mean age 3.58 ± 2.63 years) we found abnormalities in the radiological examination of their lungs. Fifteen children who had abnormalities in radiological findings presented clinical respiratory complaints such as chronic cough, wheezing, asthma and haemoptysis. Eight children were asymptomatic. The analysis of peripheral eosinophils and leukocyte number, the level of IgE and specific anti-Toxocara IgG presented significantly higher values in children with radiological lesions than in children who had correct radiology. The levels of total IgG and gamma globulins were not significantly different. In 10 patients CT showed irregular round nodules with and without halo ranging from 1 to 13 mm. The number of nodules varied from a single lesion to multiple, disseminated ones. All nodules were located in peripheral areas of the lungs. None of them were found in the central areas. In 13 patients, CT images showed ground-glass opacities with ill-defined margins. None of the CT images presented lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion. Conclusion:The pulmonary lesions in small children with high eosinophilia and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E could be related to toxocariasis and for this reason they are eligible to undergo therapy with prolonged observation for several months, rather than start invasive malignancy investigations.

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“…The serological prevalence of toxocariasis in humans, in Brazil, ranges from 7% to 54.8% (reviewed by CARVALHO & ROCHA, 2011), and this reflects the high level of environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from domestic dogs in São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Ferreira

Pena

Azevêdo

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites were assessed in fecal samples from 3,099 dogs in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, SP, that were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of São Paulo Veterinary School. The samples were analyzed using the flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods. The results were compared with those from previous studies (at different times). The frequency of each parasite was correlated with the dogs' ages, breeds and gender, as well as the occurrences of diarrhea and the use of anthelmintics, by means of the chi-square or Fisher exact test. Partitioned chi-square tests were used to compare occurrences of each parasite and the times analyzed. Out of the total number of samples, 20.5% were positive and 16.1% (102/635) of these presented more than one genus of parasites. Ancylostoma spp. (7.1%) and Giardia spp. (5.5%) were the most frequent helminths and protozoa, respectively. Ancylostoma spp. was associated (p<0.05) with age (over one year), mixed breeds, sex (male) and no use of anthelmintics. Dogs under one year and mixed breeds were associated with occurrences of Toxocara canis; and younger dogs with Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora spp. Giardia spp. were also associated with dogs with a defined breed (p<0.05). All the parasites analyzed presented lower incidence in the last period analyzed than in the previous periods.Keywords: Dogs, helminths, protozoa, São Paulo, Brazil. ResumoA ocorrência de parasitos gastrintestinais foi estudada em amostras fecais de 3099 cães, da região metropolitana de São Paulo, SP, tratados no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo. As amostras foram analisadas por métodos de flutuação e centrífugo-sedimentação. Os resultados foram comparados com estudos prévios (diferentes períodos). Associação entre as frequências de cada parasito e idade, raça, sexo, ocorrência de diarreia e uso de anti-helmínticos foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. O qui-quadrado estratificado foi utilizado para comparar a ocorrência de cada parasito e os períodos analisados. Do total 20,5% das amostras eram positivas e 16,1% destas (102/635) apresentaram mais de um gênero de parasitos. Ancylostoma spp. (7,1%) e Giardia spp. (5,5%) foram os mais frequentes helminto e protozoário, respectivamente. Ancylostoma spp. foi associado (p<0,05) com idade (> 1 ano), animais sem raça definida, sexo (macho) e a não utilização de anti-helmínticos. Cães < 1 ano e mestiços apresentaram associação com ocorrência de Toxocara canis e cães jovens com Giardia spp, Cryptosporidium spp. e Cystoisospora spp. Giardia spp. também apresentou associação com cães de raças definidas (p<0,05). Para todos os parasitas analisados a incidência diminuiu no último período analisado quando comparado aos anteriores.

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Toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children

Cited by 39 publications

References 104 publications

Human Toxocariasis: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Biosafety in Research Laboratories

Human Toxocariasis: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Biosafety in Research Laboratories

Pulmonary Presentation of Toxocara sp. Infection in Children

Occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from domestic dogs in São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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