Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum prevalence and risk factors on goat farms in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand

Udonsom, Ruenruetai; Supanta, Jarawee; Tanglakmankhong, Onrampha; Ngoenphisutsin, Kanamon; Nishikawa, Yoshifumi; Fereig, Ragab M.; Jirapattharasate, Charoonluk

doi:10.12982/vis.2021.006

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Moreover, for this parasite, animal species and location had significant effects on the seroprevalence, with sheep being more affected than goats and northern and eastern Egypt being more affected than middle and southern Egypt. Other authors have also reported significant effects of location and animal species on N. caninum seroprevalence in small ruminants [ 30 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seroprevalence of Specific Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Brucella spp. in Sheep and Goats in Egypt

Fereig

Wareth

Abdelbaky³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, and brucellosis are devastating diseases causing infectious abortion and, therefore, substantial economic losses in farm animals. Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are caused by the intracellular protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Neospora caninum (N. caninum), respectively. Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by numerous Brucella species in multiple hosts. Toxoplasmosis and brucellosis are also considered foodborne zoonotic diseases. In the current study, specific antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum, in addition to those to Brucella spp., were detected to gain a better understanding of the epidemiological situation for these three pathogens. Sheep and goat sera from Egypt (n = 360) of animals with and without a history of abortion were tested using commercial ELISAs. Seropositivity rates of 46.1%, 11.9%, and 8.6% for T. gondii, N. caninum, and Brucella spp., respectively, were revealed. Mixed infections with T. gondii and Brucella spp. (4.4%), T. gondii and N. caninum (4.2%), N. caninum and Brucella spp. (1.4%), and even some triple infections (0.6%) have been observed. Animals with a history of abortion had a significantly higher seroprevalence for Brucella spp. infection than those without abortion (12.6%; 28/222 vs. 2.2%; 3/138) (p = 0.0005; Odds ratio = 1.9–21.8), while none of the other pathogens showed a similar effect. This result suggests brucellosis as a possible cause of abortion in the study population. However, the high seroprevalence for T. gondii and N. caninum revealed in our study warrants further investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seroprevalence of Specific Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Brucella spp. in Sheep and Goats in Egypt

Fereig

Wareth

Abdelbaky³

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…The seroprevalence of T. gondii in domestic and wild animals in Thailand has been investigated in the past [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, there are few reports on T. gondii infection in elephants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in Thai people is 3.1-53.7% [5][6][7][8]. T. gondii antibodies have been detected in cats [9][10][11], dogs [9,12], cattle [13][14][15], chickens [16], and goats [17,18]. The seroprevalence in captive wild felids in Thailand was reported as 15.4-42.8% [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) in Thailand

et al. 2021

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Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis in humans and various animal species worldwide. In Thailand, seroprevalence studies on T. gondii have focused on domestic animals, and information on infections in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) is scarce. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in archival sera collected from 268 elephants living in Thailand. The serum samples were analyzed for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA-iELISA) and recombinant T. gondii dense granular antigen 8 protein (TgGRA8-iELISA). The prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii was 45.1% (121/268), 40.7% (109/268), and 44.4% (119/268) using LAT, TLA-iELISA, and TgGRA8-iELISA, respectively. Young elephants had a higher seropositivity rate than elephants aged >40 years (odds ratio = 6.6; p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 2.9–15.4). When LAT was used as the reference, TLA-iELISA and TgGRA8-iELISA showed a substantial (κ = 0.69) and moderate (κ = 0.42) agreement, respectively. Although our findings suggest the widespread exposure of Asian elephants to T. gondii in Thailand, the source of infection was not investigated. Therefore, investigation of the predisposing factors associated with toxoplasmosis is necessary to identify the potential risk factors for infection.

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“…Consequently, they have been considered as a good serodiagnostic test for the detection of T. gondii antibodies both in animals and humans [21]. Many recombinant antigens have been previously studied, namely, GRA1 [21][22][23][24], GRA2 [25][26][27], GRA4 [11], GRA5 [19,28], GRA6 [26,29], GRA7 [18,[21][22][23][24]26,[30][31][32][33], GRA8 [34,35], and GRA15 [26]. GRA7 provides a very strong humoral immune response in the acute stage of infection [3] and is also recognized as a good serological marker for anti-T. gondii detection in the chronic stage [23,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GRA7 provides a very strong humoral immune response in the acute stage of infection [3] and is also recognized as a good serological marker for anti-T. gondii detection in the chronic stage [23,31]. Recombinant protein GRA7 has been constructed and evaluated for improving the diagnosis of T. gondii infection worldwide, in humans [18,36], dogs [23], cattle [30], pigs [37], chickens [21], and goats [33]; however, there has been a few reports for cats [26,31,32]. Most recombinant GRA7 proteins for T. gondii diagnosis are commonly performed using an Escherichia coli expression system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant dense granule antigen 7 protein for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats in Thailand

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is recognized as a zoonosis causing toxoplasmosis in animals globally. Cat is a definitive host of T. gondii and sheds oocyst through feces, which can infect human beings and animals through contaminated food ingestion. A precise diagnostic test is essential to prevent T. gondii infection in both humans and animals. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the pETite- dense granule antigen 7(GRA7)-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect T. gondii infection in cats. Materials and Methods: T. gondii-GRA7 was cloned and expressed in the Expresso® small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) T7 Cloning and Expression System. The recombinant pETite-GRA7 was purified using HisTrap affinity chromatography and confirmed using Western blot analysis. The recombinant protein was used to develop and evaluate the indirect ELISA for T. gondii infection detection. In total, 200 cat sera were tested using pETite-GRA7-based indirect ELISA and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The statistical analysis based on Kappa value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, χ2 test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of the test. Results: A 606 bp GRA7 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was obtained from T. gondii RH strain genomic DNA. The gene was cloned into the pETite™ vector and transformed to HI-Control Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for protein expression. Approximately 35 kDa of recombinant pETite-GRA7 was observed and Western blot analysis showed positive bands against anti-6-His antibody and positive-T. gondii cat serum. A sample of 0.5 μg/mL of pETite-GRA7 was subjected to indirect ELISA to detect T. gondii infection in the cat sera. The results showed sensitivity and specificity of pETite- GRA7-based indirect ELISA at 72% and 96%, respectively. An acceptable diagnostic performance was characterized by high concordant results (94%) and substantial agreement (Kappa value=0.65) with IFAT. The seroprevalence levels of ELISA and IFAT were 10% and 9%, respectively, and were not significantly (p>0.05) different. The expected performance of ELISA at different cutoff points using the ROC curve analysis revealed 89% sensitivity and 92% specificity at the cutoff value of 0.146, with a high overall assay accuracy (area under the curve=0.94). Conclusion: In this study, the pETite™ vector, N-terminal 6xHis SUMO fusion tag, was used to improve the solubility and expression level of GRA7. The recombinant pETite-GRA7 showed enhanced protein solubility and purification without special condition requirements. This pETite-GRA7-based indirect ELISA showed high concordant results and substantial agreement with IFAT. ELISA revealed an acceptable sensitivity and specificity. These initial data obtained from cats' sera demonstrated that pETite-GRA7-based indirect ELISA could be a useful method for local serological diagnosis of T. gondii infection in cats in Thailand.

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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum prevalence and risk factors on goat farms in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Seroprevalence of Specific Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Brucella spp. in Sheep and Goats in Egypt

Seroprevalence of Specific Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Brucella spp. in Sheep and Goats in Egypt

Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) in Thailand

Development and evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant dense granule antigen 7 protein for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats in Thailand

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