Toxoplasma gondii antibody profile in HIV-1-infected and uninfected pregnant women and the impact on congenital toxoplasmosis diagnosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Fernandes, Marcia Antunes; Batista, Giovanni Inácio; Carlos, Juliano da Costa Silveira; Gomes, Ivete Martins; Azevedo, Kátia Martins Lopes de; Setúbal, Sérgio; Oliveira, Solange Artimos de; Velarde, Luis Guilhermo Coca; Cardoso, Claudete Aparecida Araújo

doi:10.1016/s1413-8670(12)70300-8

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In immunocompromised women who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), T. gondii infection may reactivate with resulting vertical transmission. 3,4 In a study in Brazil, 28% of T. gondii Immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive pregnant women with unknown HIV status transmitted the infection vertically. 2 Only about 30% of infants born to mothers who had seroconversion in pregnancy acquire prenatal infection.…”

Section: Seroprevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection Among Pregnant Women In Windhoek Namibia In 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Windhoek, Namibia, in 2016

Colf

Zyl

Noden

et al. 2020

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: When a pregnant woman contracts Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection during pregnancy, it may be vertically transmitted to the foetus. Information on the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) in developing countries is scarce. Most studies focus on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women attending public antenatal care in Windhoek, Namibia, in 2016.Methods: In this descriptive study, 344 urban pregnant women attending public antenatal care were voluntarily enrolled in the study. Seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was determined by automated immunoassay. Samples with a positive T. gondii IgG result were tested for T. gondii Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and specific IgG avidity by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. A questionnaire captured demographic data and exposure to risk factors. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and R.Results: Anti-T. gondii IgG was found in nine (2.61%) pregnant women. There was no association of anti-T. gondii IgG with demographic characteristics or exposure to risk factors.Anti-T. gondii IgM was positive in one (0.3%) woman, while three (0.9%) women had borderline anti-T. gondii IgM results. Specific IgG avidity was low, equivocal and high in 0%, 33% and 67% of seropositive pregnant women, respectively.Conclusion: Seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG is much lower in Namibia than is reported in other developing countries. Investigation into specific IgM seropositivity and IgG avidity showed that pregnant women in the central region of Namibia are at low risk of vertical transmission and development of CT.

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Section: Seroprevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection Among Pregnant Women In Windhoek Namibia In 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Windhoek, Namibia, in 2016

Colf

Zyl

Noden

et al. 2020

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Cases of enhanced maternal-fetal transmission of T. gondii infection of HIV-infected women chronically infected were described, which may have important public health consequences, considering the increasing frequency of HIVinfection observed among human being around the world [8].…”

Section: Research Journal Of Infectious Diseases Issn 2052-5958mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preventive measures like information and health education; screening of pregnant women and infants; limiting harm from risk behaviour; treatment of risk cases and vaccination are recommended [38]. Serum monitoring throughout pregnancy, so as detect cases of maternal seroconversion allowing for early maternal treatment is also basic [7,10].…”

Section: Control Of Human Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relevant aspects of human toxoplasmosis

Bresciani¹,

Galvão²,

Vasconcellos³

et al. 2013

Res J Infect Dis

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Considering the great importance that the infection by Toxoplasma gondii has in public health, the aim of this article was to demonstrate some aspects about this disease in human being. This parasite can cause several behavioral changes and many cases of reactivation of this disease are associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -AIDS. Major cases of human infections by T. gondii are assymptomatic and the main clinical manifestation in the acute phase of this zoonosis is lymphadenopathy, usually in the cervical area. There may also be fever, night sweats, myalgia, maculopapular rash lymphocytic atypia and chorioretinitis. The congenital and/or acquired chronic latent cerebral toxoplasmosis play an important role in the development of some types of neurodegeneration, like Alzheimer disease and Down Syndrome. Humans and animals should not consume raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurized or not boiled dairy products, water without being treated and poorly washed fruits and vegetables. Educational programs focused on reducing T. gondii environmental contamination are essential for the congenital infection control. Due to the severity of this kind of infection and its sequel, it is critical that those responsible for the community's health establish prevention programs to avoid such a situation, obtaining results in the medium and long term, and particularly preserving the involved population's welfare. A lack or incomplete prenatal treatment was identified as an important risk factor for congenital toxoplasmosis, reinforcing the need of improvement of prenatal care. In this study was demonstrated the importance of implementing prevention programs to guide pregnant women to prevent the infection. Preventive measures like information and health education; screening of pregnant women and infants; limiting harm from risk behaviour; treatment of risk cases and vaccination are recommended. Serum monitoring throughout pregnancy, so as detect cases of maternal seroconversion allowing for early maternal treatment is also basic. Some countries have adopted control programs of human toxoplasmosis, however, this issue should be of world attention, considering its relevant aspects of public health, requiring the establishment of community education campaigns and monitoring of pregnant women in the pre and neonatal, especially in a preventive action to reduce the pathogenic effects of this disease.

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“…Neonatos com toxoplasmose congênita podem apresentar manifestações neurológicas (hidrocefalia, microcefalia e retardo mental), lesões oftálmicas, comprometimento auditivo e até ocorrência de morte de neonatos após o nascimento devido a toxoplasmose (GROËR et al, 2011;PORTO;DUARTE, 2012;FAUCHER et al, 2012;FERNANDES et al, 2012;LOPES-MORI et al, 2013), por isso tem sido implantados projetos bem sucedidos de controle da referida enfermidade .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aspectos da toxoplasmose na clínica de pequenos animais

et al. 2014

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ResumoA toxoplasmose, zoonose de distribuição mundial, apresenta importância em medicina veterinária e saúde pública. Os animais podem ser a fonte direta ou indireta da infecção ao homem, e neste, esta doença pode ser responsável por encefalite e óbitos, devido sua forma congênita em neonatos e como coinfecção em pacientes portadores da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. O homem e os animais, hospedeiros intermediários, podem adquirir a doença pelo consumo de alimentos, como carne crua ou mal cozida e água contaminados com cistos e oocistos de T. gondii, respectivamente. Via iatrogênica como transfusões de sangue e transplante de órgãos são outras formas menos frequentes de transmissão. O agente causador desta enfermidade é o Toxoplasma gondii, protozoário coccídio intracelular obrigatório. Em pequenos animais, esta infecção tem sido reportada em diversos países, promovendo manifestações clínicas variadas e incomuns, porém severas e fatais, que constituem em um desafio em diagnóstico na clínica de pequenos animais, principalmente quando no comprometimento do sistema nervoso. Desse modo, constituem no objetivo da presente revisão literária abordar a participação dos pequenos animais na disseminação da doença, os aspectos clínicos a ela relacionados, bem como discutir métodos de diagnóstico, medidas terapêuticas, de profilaxia e controle desta enfermidade. Palavras-chave: Cão, gato, imunossupressão, protozoário, zoonose AbstractToxoplasmosis, a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, has importance in human and veterinary medicine. Animals can be direct or indirect source of infection to man, and this intermediate host, the disease may be responsible for encephalitis and deaths due to congenital form as coinfection in neonates and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The man and animals can acquire the disease by eating undercooked meat or cures, infected with tissue cysts, as well as food and water contaminated with oocysts. Iatrogenic, such as, blood transfusion and organ transplantation are other less frequent routes of transmission. The causative agent of this disease is Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan obligate intracellular coccidian. In small animals, the infection has been reported in several countries, promoting varied clinical manifestations and uncommon but severe and fatal, which is a challenge in the clinical diagnosis of small animals, especially when the nervous system involvement. Thus, constitute the purpose of this review address the participation of small animals in the spread of the disease, clinical aspects related to it, as well as discuss methods of diagnosis, therapeutic measures, prophylaxis and control of this disease.

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Toxoplasma gondii antibody profile in HIV-1-infected and uninfected pregnant women and the impact on congenital toxoplasmosis diagnosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Windhoek, Namibia, in 2016

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Windhoek, Namibia, in 2016

Relevant aspects of human toxoplasmosis

Aspectos da toxoplasmose na clínica de pequenos animais

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