Toxoplasma gondii, Herpesviridae and long-term risk of transition to first-episode psychosis in an ultra high-risk sample

Burkhardt, Eva; Berger, Maximus; Yolken, R.; Lin, Ashleigh; Yuen, HP; Wood, Stephen J.; Francey, S; Thompson, Andrew; McGorry, Patrick D.; Nelson, Barnaby; Yung, Alison; Amminger, GP

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.012

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

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“…Herpesviridae is a family of DNA viruses that infect humans and other animals initially through the mucosal surface and are also capable of migrating to the sensory ganglia [ 73 , 74 ]. There are eight (or nine, depending on the classification) herpesviruses for which humans are the primary host.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infections and Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review

Kotsiri

Resta

Spyrantis

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with multiple genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Viral infections have been suggested to be one of the environmental factors associated with the development of this disorder. We comprehensively review all relevant published literature focusing on the relationship between schizophrenia and various viral infections, such as influenza virus, herpes virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), retrovirus, coronavirus, and Borna virus. These viruses may interfere with the normal maturation of the brain directly or through immune-induced mediators, such as cytokines, leading to the onset of schizophrenia. Changes in the expression of critical genes and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines have been linked to virally-induced infections and relevant immune activities in schizophrenia. Future research is necessary to understand this relationship better and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

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Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infections and Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review

Kotsiri

Resta

Spyrantis

et al. 2023

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Timeframe for Conversion to Psychosis From Individuals at Clinical High-Risk: A Quantile Regression

Zhang,

Wei,

Tang

et al. 2024

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Background and Hypothesis The time taken for an individual who is at the clinical high-risk (CHR) stage to transition to full-blown psychosis may vary from months to years. This temporal aspect, known as the timeframe for conversion to psychosis (TCP), is a crucial but relatively underexplored dimension of psychosis development. Study Design The sample consisted of 145 individuals with CHR who completed a 5-year follow-up with a confirmed transition to psychosis within this period. Clinical variables along with functional variables such as the Global Assessment of Function (GAF) score at baseline (GAF baseline) and GAF-drop from the highest score in the past year. The TCP was defined as the duration from CHR identification to psychosis conversion. Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on TCP: “short” (≤6 months, ≤33.3%), “median” (7–17 months, 33.3%–66.6%), and “long” (≥18 months, ≥66.6%). The quantile regression analysis was applied. Study Results The overall sample had a median TCP of 11 months. Significant differences among the three TCP groups were observed, particularly in GAF-drop (χ2 = 8.806, P = .012), disorganized symptoms (χ2 = 7.071, P = .029), and general symptoms (χ2 = 6.586, P = .037). Greater disorganized symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.824, P = .009) and GAF-drop (OR = 0.867, P = .011) were significantly associated with a shorter TCP, whereas greater general symptoms (OR = 1.198, P = .012) predicted a longer TCP. Quantile regression analysis demonstrated a positive association between TCP and GAF baseline above the 0.7 quantile and a negative association between TCP rank and GAF drop below the 0.5 quantile. Conclusions This study underscores the pivotal role of functional characteristics in shaping TCP among individuals with CHR, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive consideration of temporal aspects in early prevention efforts.

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Toxoplasma gondii, Herpesviridae and long-term risk of transition to first-episode psychosis in an ultra high-risk sample

Cited by 2 publications

References 57 publications

Viral Infections and Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review

Viral Infections and Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review

Timeframe for Conversion to Psychosis From Individuals at Clinical High-Risk: A Quantile Regression

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