Toxoplasma gondii infection and insomnia: A case control seroprevalence study

Alvarado-Esqu, Cosme; Estrada-Martínez, Sergio; Pérez-Álamos, Alma Rosa; Ramos-Nevárez, Agar; Botello-Calderón, Karina; Alvarado‐Félix, Ángel Osvaldo; Vaquera-Enríquez, Raquel; Alvarado-Félix, Gustavo Alexis; Sifuentes-Álvarez, Antonio; Guido-Arreola, Carlos Alberto; Rábago-Sánchez, Elizabeth; Sáenz-Soto, Leandro

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266214

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…The research on the association between LT and sleeping disorders is limited and inconclusive. For instance, according to a study conducted in Mexico, T. gondii seropositivity is significantly associated with insomnia, especially in men older than 50 years (OR: 3.84; 95% CI: 1.05-14.00; p = 0.05) [69]. Again, more investigation is needed to establish a clear link [70].…”

Section: Depression Anxiety and Sleeping Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Immunological and Neuropsychobehavioral Effects of Latent Toxoplasmosis on Humans

Kazemi Arababadi,

Abdollahi,

Ramezani

et al. 2024

Parasite Immunology

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Toxoplasmosis as a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution and can infect a wide range of animal hosts, as well as at least one third of the world's human population. The disease is usually mild or asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, but dormant tissue cysts survive especially in the brain for the host lifespan, known as latent toxoplasmosis (LT). Recent studies suggest that LT can have certain neurological, immunological psychological and behavioural effects on human including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, depression, suicide anxiety and sleeping disorders. LT effects are controversial, and their exact mechanisms of action is not yet fully understood. This review aims to provide an overview of the potential effects, their basic mechanisms including alteration of neurotransmitter levels, immune activation in the central nervous system and induction of oxidative stress. Additionally, beneficial effects of LT, and an explanation of the effects within the framework of manipulation hypothesis, and finally, the challenges and limitations of the current research are discussed.

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Section: Depression Anxiety and Sleeping Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Immunological and Neuropsychobehavioral Effects of Latent Toxoplasmosis on Humans

Kazemi Arababadi,

Abdollahi,

Ramezani

et al. 2024

Parasite Immunology

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Possible Association between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review

Daryani

Nayeri

Sarvi

2023

IDDT

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Background: Few studies investigated the relationship between toxoplasmosis and sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can lead to suicidal behavior and traffic accidents. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to collect information and investigate the possible relationship between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and sleep disorders. Methods: To achieve the goal of the present study, five English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest) were systematically searched for related studies from their inception until October 18, 2022. The obtained articles were screened based on the title, abstract and full text. Then, the quality of the papers investigating the relationship between toxoplasmosis and sleep disorders was evaluated, and finally, the data from the relevant studies were extracted in a Microsoft Excel data sheet. Results: Eight articles (4 case-control and 4 cross-sectional studies) were entered in this systematic review containing 926 patients with sleep disorders and 1877 people without sleep disorders in casecontrol studies, out of which 212 (22.89%) and 392 (20.88%) individuals were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody using different serological methods. Also, 2885 people with sleep disorders were investigated for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in cross-sectional studies, out of which 1559 (54.03%) cases were positive. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that T. gondii infection may be a risk factor for sleep disorders. However, the number of related studies is small, and there are contradictions in the findings of these articles. Therefore, further studies are necessary to clarify the possible association between T. gondii infections and sleep disorders.

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Toxoplasmosis-related Psychological, Behavioral, Neurological, and Hormonal Changes: A Literature Review

2023

EJMHS

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Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite responsible for causing toxoplasmosis, a disease that infects approximately one-third of the global population. It is crucial to note that this parasite can infect both mammals and birds. Furthermore, it can be transmitted to humans through different transmission routes. Vertical transmission from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus and horizontal transmission via contaminated or infected raw food or drinks are the most prevalent modes of transmission. While most cases of the disease area symptomatic or develop flu-like symptoms, it can lead to severe manifestations in fetuses, infants, and individuals with compromised immune systems. During the latent phase of the disease, numerous cysts form throughout the patient's body, with the brain being the most significant site for cyst development. The occurrence of these cysts in the brain and their long-term existence have sparked extensive investigation, leading to various hypotheses and recent experiments exploring their impact on behavioral, psychological, and neurological alterations such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and autism. Furthermore, emerging studies and research have revealed the parasite's ability to trigger hormone and neurotransmitters secretion in the host, including dopamine and sex hormones, with testosterone being particularly noteworthy. This study aimed to shed additional insight into the significance of this parasite in these alterations. It also aimed to shed insight into the mechanisms this parasite employs in creating these changes. This study clearly indicates, as numerous other studies and research have, that this parasite plays a major role in several behavioral, neurological, psychological, hormonal, and neurotransmitters abnormalities in infected individuals.

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Toxoplasma gondii infection and insomnia: A case control seroprevalence study

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

A Review of Immunological and Neuropsychobehavioral Effects of Latent Toxoplasmosis on Humans

A Review of Immunological and Neuropsychobehavioral Effects of Latent Toxoplasmosis on Humans

Possible Association between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review

Toxoplasmosis-related Psychological, Behavioral, Neurological, and Hormonal Changes: A Literature Review

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