Toxoplasma gondii : Pig seroprevalence, associated risk factors and viability in fresh pork meat

Herrero, Laura; Lamelas, María Teresa; Pérez-Arquillué, Consuelo; Lázaro, Regina; Herrera, Marta; Herrera, Antonio; Bayarri, Susana

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.010

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The information reported by the MS in 2015 shows that Toxoplasma exposure occurs in most livestock species across the EU and supports the findings in recent publications on the high incidence of toxoplasmosis in sheep (Bacci et al., ), pigs (Djokic et al., ; Herrero et al., ; Wallander et al., ), goats (Deng et al., ), horses (Aroussi et al., ), small mammals including rodents (Machačová et al., ), pets (Cano‐Terriza et al., ) and wild animals (Formenti et al., ; Reiterova et al., ). However, the high incidence of Toxoplasma in sheep and goats, detected by serological methods, may be partly due to vaccination in these species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

2016

EFS2

257

100

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This report of EFSA and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2015 in 32 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and four non-MS). Campylobacteriosis was the most commonly reported zoonosis and the increasing European Union (EU) trend for confirmed human cases since 2008 continued. In food, the occurrence of Campylobacter remained high in broiler meat. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed human salmonellosis cases since 2008 continued, but the proportion of human Salmonella Enteritidis cases increased. Most MS met their Salmonella reduction targets for poultry. More S. Enteritidis isolates were reported and S. Infantis was confirmed as the most frequent serovar isolated from domestic fowl. In foodstuffs, the EU level Salmonella non-compliance for minced meat and meat preparations from poultry was low. Despite the significant increasing trend since 2008, the number of human listeriosis cases stabilised in 2015. In ready-to-eat foods, Listeria monocytogenes seldom exceeded the EU food safety limit. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed yersiniosis cases since 2008 continued. Positive findings for Yersinia were mainly reported in pig meat and products thereof. The number of confirmed shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in humans was similar to 2014. In food, STEC was most frequently reported in meat from ruminants. A total of 4,362 food-borne outbreaks, including waterborne outbreaks, were reported. Bacteria were the most commonly detected causative agents, followed by bacterial toxins, viruses, other causative agents and parasites. The causative agent remained unknown in 33.5% of all outbreaks. As in previous years, Salmonella in eggs continued to represent the highest risk agent/food combination. The report further summarises trends and sources for tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella, Trichinella, Echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), West Nile virus and tularaemia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

2016

EFS2

257

100

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“…Furthermore, as the tissue cysts are not uniformly distributed in the edible tissues, a negative result obtained by a direct detection method in a serologically positive animal, cannot exclude the presence of infectious cysts in other edible portions. Literature data show a high incidence of toxoplasmosis as parasite–animal contacts in sheep (Bacci et al., ), pigs (Djokic et al., ; Herrero et al., ; Wallander et al., ), goats (Deng et al., ), horses (Aroussi et al., ), small mammals including rodents (Machacova et al., ), pets (Cano‐Terriza et al., ) and wild animals (Formenti et al., ; Reiterova et al., ) suggesting that the control of this parasite is extremely difficult and can be reached only for livestock reared under strict housing conditions. A critical review of data on the prevalence of Toxoplasma in pigs shows a 90% decline in Toxoplasma prevalence in commercially marketed pigs over the last two decades (Dubey, ; Davies, ; Bayarri et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2016

2017

EFS2

440

182

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This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2016 in 37 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and nine non-MS). Campylobacteriosis was the most commonly reported zoonosis and the increasing European Union (EU) trend for confirmed human cases since 2008 stabilised during 2012-2016. In food, the occurrence of Campylobacter remained high in broiler meat. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed human salmonellosis cases since 2008 ended during 2012-2016, and the proportion of human Salmonella Enteritidis cases increased. Most MS met their Salmonella reduction targets for poultry, except five MS for laying hens. At primary production level, the EU-level flock prevalence of target Salmonella serovars in breeding hens, broilers, breeding and fattening turkeys decreased or stabilised compared with previous years but the EU prevalence of S. Enteritidis in laying hens significantly increased. In foodstuffs, the EU-level Salmonella non-compliance for minced meat and meat preparations from poultry was low. The number of human listeriosis confirmed cases further increased in 2016, despite the fact that Listeria seldom exceeds the EU food safety limit in ready-to-eat foods. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed yersiniosis cases since 2008 stabilised during 2012-2016, and also the number of confirmed Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in humans was stable. In total, 4,786 food-borne outbreaks, including waterborne outbreaks, were reported. Salmonella was the most commonly detected causative agent -with one out of six outbreaks due to S. Enteritidis -followed by other bacteria, bacterial toxins and viruses. Salmonella in eggs continued to represent the highest risk agent/food combination. The report further summarises trends and sources for bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, trichinellosis, echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, rabies, Q fever, West Nile fever and tularaemia.

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“…Tissue cysts may persist in pork over a long period of time, with T. gondii being identified as one of the most relevant biological risks in the context of meat inspection of pigs (EFSA, 2017). There is no testing of pork for T. gondii at slaughter anywhere in the world (Dorny et al, 2009;Blagojevic & Antic, 2014;Herrero et al, 2016). In Italy, a literature data-based risk assessment model estimated that beef plays a more important role in human T. gondii infections than pork (0.034% versus 0.019%; excluding pork cured products), due to different cooking habits, even when cattle have a lower seroprevalence of the parasite (Belluco et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from São Tomé and Príncipe

Pereira

Mata

Neto

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Despite the global importance of the zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii, little is known regarding its infection in the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (DRSTP). This is the first report of antibodies to T. gondii in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from the DRSTP. Antibodies were assessed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), with a cut-off titer of 100 for cattle and 20 for sheep, goats and pigs. The present study revealed an overall seroprevalence of 55.8%; 27.1% in 48 cattle, 68.4% in 98 sheep, 70.1% in 97 goats and 43.7% in 103 pigs. The south geographical area for cattle, the central area for sheep, and adult age and living in the central region for goats were found to be risk factors for seropositivity to T. gondii. These results support the scenario of a considerable presence of sporulated oocysts as well as of infected intermediate hosts in the local environment. Consumption of raw or undercooked meat should be considered as an important potential source of infection for animals and humans in the DRSTP.

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Toxoplasma gondii : Pig seroprevalence, associated risk factors and viability in fresh pork meat

Cited by 46 publications

References 75 publications

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2016

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from São Tomé and Príncipe

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