Toxoplasmosis in sheep, goats and cattle in central Ethiopia

Bekele, Tekelye; Kasali, O.B.

doi:10.1007/bf00346069

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The result of the present study (3.57%) is in accordance with the findings of Ashenafi et al [10]. In contrast, lower seroprevalence [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] have been reported previously. Higher seroprevalences have also been reported previously from pastoral areas of Eastern Ethiopia (Afar, Somali and Dire Dawa regions) [9,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, unlike the present finding, significantly high seroprevalence was reported in sexually mature (adult) than young sheep [9,19,[27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…Recently higher prevalence (22.8%) of caprine brucellosis was reported in pastoralist communities adjacent to Awash National Park, Ethiopia [23]. The variation in prevalence of ovine brucellosis between the present study and that of the aforementioned studies might be related to variation in management practices and hygiene [9], population density and mixing of herds of different ruminant species [19,24], agroecology and sensitivity of serological tests employed [22,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Seroepidemiology of Ovine Brucellosis in East and West Shewa Zones of Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia

Gebremedhin¹

2015

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, unlike the present finding, significantly high seroprevalence was reported in sexually mature (adult) than young sheep [9,19,[27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Seroepidemiology of Ovine Brucellosis in East and West Shewa Zones of Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia

Gebremedhin¹

2015

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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“…Studies regarding T. gondii have been related mostly to sheep. Seropositivity of T. gondii was 7.4-25.2% in Australia (37), 25.3% in India (13), 22.9% in Ethiopia (6), 39% in Saudi Arabia (2) and 28.4% in Italy (31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in aborted bovine foetuses by duplex PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods

Özkaraca¹,

Irehan²,

Parmaksiz³

et al. 2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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This study was aimed at determining the existence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in aborted bovine foetuses. In this research, 102 bovine foetuses were examined by duplex PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to determine the presence of N. caninum and T. gondii. None of the aborted bovine foetuses were shown to have T. gondii, but N. caninum was detected in 26 foetuses (25.49%) by duplex PCR, in 18 (17.64%) by immunohistochemistry and in 8 (7.84%) by immunofluorescence. Moreover, 16 livers, 13 kidneys, 12 spleens, 8 thymuses and 5 brains of the 18 foetuses examined by immunohistochemistry showed immunopositivity. Positive staining was found in the spleen of eight foetuses by the immunofluorescence method. In this study, immunohistochemistry was shown to be superior to immunofluorescence in terms of diagnosis. Although immunofluorescence has the advantage of being the easiest to use in practice, it makes diagnosis more difficult because of its non-specific staining.

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“…Hazards that may be present in dairy products, the role of dairy products in their transmission, and the importance of the associated disease in Africa 4: Bekele and Kasali, 1989; 5: Bisson, 2000; 7: Bonfoh, 2003; 9: Bonfoh et al, 2003; 10: Bourgeois et al, 1993; 14: Cosivi et al, 1998; 15: Cosivi et al, 1995; 25: Hamama et al, 1992; 30: Hohne et al, 1975; 33: Jouan et al, 1989; 34: Kariuki et al, 2006; 35: Kivaria et al, 2006; 38: Kurwijila et al, 2006; 39: Lanyasuma et al, 2005; 40: Mangen et al, 2002; 43: Miller et al, 2007; 44: Mwiine, 2004; 47: Njagi et al 2004; 49: Ombui and Nduhiu, 2005 the milk deficit remained stable at around 5 million tons (27), suggesting little progress toward the policy objective of self sufficiency in dairy products adopted by most developing countries.…”

Section: Table IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Place de la sécurité sanitaire des aliments dans l’évolution de la politique laitière en faveur des pauvres en Afrique de l’Est et de l’Ouest

Grace

Randolph

Omoré

et al. 2007

Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop.

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■ INTRODUCTIONIn recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the potential of smallholder dairying to reduce poverty in developing countries. At the same time, policy research revealed major discrepancies between regulations and reality. Specifically, the policy context for transforming and marketing dairy products mainly targets largescale, resource-intensive systems operating through formal channels, whereas many developing country dairy value chains are dominated by small-scale producers and traditional processors who mostly market informally. This paper sheds light on this paradox, by reviewing the evolution of dairy policy in sub-Saharan Africa and using examples drawn from recent research in East and West Africa, and it appraises the impact of such policy on poor farmers, traders and consumers. The authors show how dairy policy reflects broader development policies; while this is showing marked pro-poor shifts, public health concerns, poorly grounded in evidence, have chilled dairy policy development, which largely remains anti-poor, ineffective or unworkable. The authors next present emerging alternatives that may better meet stakeholders' needs both for safe food and wealth creation. A successful strategy for policy engagement and change developed in East Africa is described, and implications for its broader application discussed. ■ DAIRY POLICY EVOLUTION CONTEXTUALIzEDDiscussions on dairy policy and development have been dominated by the issue of protectionism and support to domestic producers by rich countries. Subsidized milk from Europe and America is dumped on world markets at less than production cost, and there is widespread concern that this has already seriously damaged the dairy sector in developing countries, especially in West Africa (55). However, a range of economic models and case studies agree that the net SummaryIn East and West Africa, most milk is produced by smallholders who sell it in informal markets. The authors summarize changes in overall development policy that are bringing attention to this previously ignored sector and stimulating a reevaluation of dairy policy. They argue that current dairy policy, derived from developed countries and based on industrial systems, proved unworkable or ineffective as evidenced by the predominance of the informal sector and the high levels of milk-borne diseases. The role of food safety in dairy policy and its potential to constrain the shift of policy to a more propoor direction are discussed. The authors review the literature on milk safety in Africa, where high levels of pathogens and other hazards in milk and milk products are reported from both the formal and informal dairy sectors. Case studies that are presented suggest that participatory, risk-based policies may offer an opportunity to increase both dairy safety and benefits to the poor. The authors also show how policy can be positively influenced using examples from East and West Africa. impact of imported milk on developing country dairy development is probably small (22,36)...

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Toxoplasmosis in sheep, goats and cattle in central Ethiopia

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Seroepidemiology of Ovine Brucellosis in East and West Shewa Zones of Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia

Seroepidemiology of Ovine Brucellosis in East and West Shewa Zones of Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia

Determination of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in aborted bovine foetuses by duplex PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods

Place de la sécurité sanitaire des aliments dans l’évolution de la politique laitière en faveur des pauvres en Afrique de l’Est et de l’Ouest

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