TPAL: A Protocol for Node Authentication in IoT

Abstract

Secure communication in Low power and Lossy Network (LLN) requires the authentication of the identities of nodes for that node to join the network. Since LLN may consist of many different nodes, where some nodes may contain sensitive and subtle information such as military data, monitoring data, or health data, that node needs to be authenticated before it can deliver any data packet. Even though LLN uses an Internet connection, current authentication for Internet protocols cannot be adopted directly into LLN due to LLN's limited resources. LLN relies on the authentication provided by Routing Protocol for LLN (RPL), which is based on symmetric cryptography. Nevertheless, RPL reserves a mode for future work in terms of public cryptography. In this study, we propose an authentication protocol for LLN that utilizes Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) called as TPAL.

Compatible Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network in Iot Environment.

“…Once the secret keys of the network are exposed to the network attackers, the cryptographic systems will no longer be able to protect the network [23][24]. As mentioned, research shows that RPL has experienced significant vulnerabilities, so improvements in security mechanisms and the RPL routing protocol authentication system are essential [25][26]. The routing protocol requires mechanisms for identifying inconsistencies, loop avoidance, validation, and detecting inconsistencies.…”

A Secure LEACH-PRO Protocol Based on Blockchain

“…In this part, the performance related to the computational cost, communication costs, and security properties of the SLEACH-PRO are examined and compared with the most relevant recent schemes [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Table 5 lists the computational cost notations and the execution time for each cryptographic operation [ 33 ].…”

“…As seen in Table 6 , the SLEACH-PRO protocol has the lowest computational cost compared to [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 ]. In [ 22 ], two keys are pre-loaded on each sensor node (SN): the master key is used exclusively by the CH to communicate with it, and the BS key is used to communicate with SN.…”

“…The remaining stages use symmetric encryption/decryption. In [ 23 ], a lightweight authentication mechanism is relied upon, and ECC is relied upon with pre-shared keys. Here, nodes that do not participate in the transmission of data are not authenticated with all their neighbors, whereas in [ 24 ] only elliptic curve coding (ECC) is relied upon.…”