TPU/CNTs flexible strain sensor with auxetic structure via a novel hybrid manufacturing process of fused deposition modeling 3D printing and ultrasonic cavitation-enabled treatment

Li, Bo; Liang, Wen; Zhang, Lei; Ren, Facai; Xuan, Fu‐Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2022.113526

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…94 While an individual flexible mechanical sensor has its unique structure and may not necessarily have all the aforementioned components or may have other features, it typically consists of a compliant material that can deform to a certain extent while maintaining its performance. [94][95][96] Printing technologies have been adopted to fabricate most of these components, 65,70,97,98 although depending on the type of sensor, some printing approaches are preferrable over others (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Fabrication Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…101 To fabricate flexible strain sensors, FFF has been adopted as one of the most prevalent printing methods because of its simplicity and low cost (Table S1 †). 63,65,70,97,98,102,103 When FFF is adopted for the fabrication of flexible strain sensors, the entire sensor, including the sensing element and the substrate, is normally printed by the extrusion of custom-made filaments, usually conductive nanocomposites 63,65,98 (e.g., graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)/ CNTs/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)), into desired configurations. FFF is popular because it enables printing of the substrate and the sensing element altogether.…”

Section: Changhong Caomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The printed parts can be used directly after printing without much postprocessing. In addition, the digitally controlled nozzle of FFF printing can precisely deposit a material at the desired location with a fine thickness, 63,65,97,104 meeting the need of printing thin foil grid patterns in many flexible strain sensors. Besides FFF, inkjet printing is also a prevalent technique for producing flexible strain sensors.…”

Section: Changhong Caomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printed flexible mechanical sensors

Smocot

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanoscale

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Section: Fabrication Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changhong Caomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changhong Caomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printed flexible mechanical sensors

Smocot

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanoscale

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“…El Magri et al [ 43 ] studied the effects on print speed, nozzle temperature, and slice thickness on mechanical properties of acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) parts and found that slice thickness significantly affects interlayer bonding of parts. Li et al [ 44 ] fabricated polymer nanocomposite anti‐tetrachital auxetic structure for structural health monitoring. They observed that controlled variation in process factors results in improved performance of structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of additively manufactured anti‐tetrachiral cellular auxetic structures under shear and flexural loading

Teraiya

Kumar

2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The present paper describes an experimental study on mechanical properties of additively manufactured anti‐tetrachiral auxetic structures under shear and flexural loading. Specimens of ABS material are fabricated using material extrusion technique of additive manufacturing. Experiments are planned using central composite design method. Three process factors, namely, slice thickness, print speed, and contour width, are considered to study their influence on modulus, strength, and specific energy absorption (SEA) of fabricated structures. To perform shear testing on specimen, a novel fixture is designed and fabricated. Flexural properties are measured using three‐point bending test on universal testing machine. It is found that all three process factors significantly affect modulus, strength, and SEA of the structure under shear and flexural loading. Mechanical properties improve with increase in slice thickness, print speed, and contour width. Regression models are developed to predict the response characteristics. In addition, optimized values of process factors are determined to maximize the mechanical properties of the structure.

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“…As outlined in [10], MeX technology is almost exclusively used to manufacture sensors based on the piezoresistive principle, ranging from classic applications such as static load detection [11,12] up to dynamic load detection [13] which motivates Arh et al [14] to develop a novel monolithic uniaxial accelerometer. Li et al [15] developed a manufacturing procedure based on the MeX of commercial thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) followed by an ultrasonic treatment to make the final structure conductive: they fabricated an auxetic sensor characterized by a Poisson ratio of -0.8 and a sensitivity of 2.661. A multilayered pressure sensor has been fabricated using sacrificial material and conductive polylactic acid (PLA): the proposed sensor has been tested under different conditions proving its suitability for wearable applications [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing for capacitive liquid level sensors

Stano

Nisio

Lanzolla

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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A new manufacturing wave concerning the Additive Manufacturing of sensors is spreading: several benefits, such as cost, time, and manual task reduction, can be achieved. The aim of the present research is the one-shot Additive Manufacturing of a low-cost capacitive sensor for liquid level sensing. The Material extrusion (MeX) technology was used to fabricate the proposed sensors (composed of a flexible substrate, two conductive electrodes, and a top flexible coverage), and a Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) approach in conjunction with the 3D printing force analysis was performed. Very thin conductive tracks (0.5 mm) were manufactured to obtain a sensor having a final capacitance value of 125 pF, readable by common laboratory instrumentation. The sensor has been tested for the liquid level sensing using two different liquids, i.e., sunflower oil and distilled water, exhibiting very good sensitivity of 0.078 $$\frac{pF}{mm}$$ pF mm and 0.79 $$\frac{pF}{mm}$$ pF mm , respectively, with high repeatability, thus obtaining sensing performances comparable with that of more expensive sensors found in literature. Moreover, the proposed sensor showed high linearity (R2 ≥ 0.997), which resulted in a maximum propagated level error of 1.4 mm. The present research proves that the inexpensive MeX technology can be successfully employed for the fabrication of high-performance capacitive sensors: the sensor manufacturing cost (related to raw materials) is 0.38 €, and no manual assembly tasks were performed. This study lays the foundation for the one-shot fabrication of smart structures with capacitive sensors on board, saving manufacturing time and cost.

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TPU/CNTs flexible strain sensor with auxetic structure via a novel hybrid manufacturing process of fused deposition modeling 3D printing and ultrasonic cavitation-enabled treatment

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

Printed flexible mechanical sensors

Printed flexible mechanical sensors

Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of additively manufactured anti‐tetrachiral cellular auxetic structures under shear and flexural loading

Additive manufacturing for capacitive liquid level sensors

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