Trabecular bone density of male human cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.; Stemper, Brian D.; Baisden, Jamie; Aktay, Recyi; Shender, Barry S.; Paskoff, Glenn; Laud, Purushottam W.

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2006.01.160

Cited by 94 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Usually, bone mineral density (BMD) of ovine vertebral bodies is 6.5 times higher than human specimens [54,55]. However, it is not known how the BMD affects the mode of failure.…”

Section: Ovine Specimen Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A new dynamic six degrees of freedom disc-loading simulator allows to provoke disc damage and herniation

Wilke¹,

Kienle²,

Maile³

et al. 2016

Eur Spine J

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Purpose The cause of disc herniation is not well understood yet. It is assumed that heavy lifting and extreme postures can cause small injuries starting either in the inner anulus or from the outside close to the endplate. Such injuries are accumulated over years until its structure is weakened and finally a single loading event leads to a sudden failure of the last few intact lamellae. This paper describes a novel, custom-developed dynamic 6-DOF discloading simulator that allows complex loading to provoke such disc damage and herniations. Methods The machine's axes are driven by six independent servomotors providing high loads (10 kN axial compression, 2 kN shear, 100 Nm torque) up to 5 Hz. A positional accuracy test was conducted to validate the machine. Subsequently, initial experiments with lumbar ovine motion segments under complex loading were performed. After testing, the discs were examined in an ultrahigh field MRI (11.7 T). A three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to visualise the internal disc lesions. Results Validation tests demonstrated positioning with an accuracy of B0.08°/B0.026 mm at 0.5 Hz and B0.27°/ B0.048 mm at 3.0 Hz with amplitudes of ±17°/±2 mm. Typical failure patterns and herniations could be provoked with complex asymmetrical loading protocols. Loading with axial compression, flexion, lateral bending and torsion lead in 8 specimens to 4 herniated discs, two protrusions and two delaminations. All disc failures occurred in the posterior region of the disc. Conclusion This new dynamic disc-loading simulator has proven to be able to apply complex motion combinations and allows to create artificial lesions in the disc with complex loading protocols. The aim of further tests is to better understand the mechanisms by which disc failure occurs at the microstructural level under different loading conditions. Visualisation with ultra-high field MRI at different time points is a promising method to investigate the gradual development of such lesions, which may finally lead to disc failure. These kinds of experiments will help to better investigate the mechanical failure of discs to provide new insights into the initiation of intervertebral disc herniation. This device will also serve for many other applications in spine biomechanics research.

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“…Usually, bone mineral density (BMD) of ovine vertebral bodies is 6.5 times higher than human specimens [54,55]. However, it is not known how the BMD affects the mode of failure.…”

Section: Ovine Specimen Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A new dynamic six degrees of freedom disc-loading simulator allows to provoke disc damage and herniation

Wilke¹,

Kienle²,

Maile³

et al. 2016

Eur Spine J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, no explanation for this rare observation can be found. C2 is significantly larger than the other six cervical vertebrae, but its bone architecture does not appear to differ significantly from other vertebral bodies [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Paget disease of the spine: an evaluation of 101 patients with a histomorphometric analysis of 29 cases

et al. 2011

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Introduction Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is the second most frequent metabolic bone disease with the spine being a common site of manifestation. Still, neither the disease's etiology nor reasons for its manifestation at preferred skeletal sites are understood. The aim of the current study was therefore to perform a histologic and histomorphometric analysis of PBD biopsies of the spine to achieve a more detailed understanding concerning PDB activity and characteristics. Materials and methods Out of 754 cases with histologically proven PDB, 101 cases were identified to have involvement of the spine. A total of 29 individual vertebral body biopsies were available for histologic and histomorphometric analysis and were compared to age-and sex-matched spinal bone specimens obtained from skeletal-intact individuals at autopsy.Histomorphometric results were correlated with vertebral body height, disease location and iliac crest biopsies.

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“…It is necessary to examine regional BMD separately in different levels, as osteoporosis-related spinal fractures occur frequently in the midthoracic region and thoracolumbar transitional area, as described by Wasnich [18] . Vertebral BMD can be explored using QCT-based BMD measurement approach [19][20][21][22] . Trabecular BMD of the cervical spine is significantly higher than that of the thoracic and lumbar one.…”

Section: Vertebramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trabecular BMD of the first sacral vertebra is significantly higher than that of the lumbar vertebrae. In an age-and gender-stratified population-based non-invasive study, we examined trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae [19][20][21][22] . Trabecular vBMD of vertebral body gradually decreased craniocaudally from the first thoracic (Th1) to third lumbar spine (L3) for both genders.…”

Section: Vertebramentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone three-dimensional microstructural features of the common osteoporotic fracture sites

Chen

Kubo

2014

WJO

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Osteoporosis is a common metabolic skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and deteriorated bone structure, leading to increased susceptibility to fractures. With aging population, osteoporotic fractures are of global health and socioeconomic importance. The three-dimensional microstructural information of the common osteoporosis-related fracture sites, including vertebra, femoral neck and distal radius, is a key for fully understanding osteoporosis pathogenesis and predicting the fracture risk. Low vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) is correlated with increased fracture of the spine. Vertebral BMD decreases from cervical to lumbar spine, with the lowest BMD at the third lumbar vertebra. Trabecular bone mass of the vertebrae is much lower than that of the peripheral bone. Cancellous bone of the vertebral body has a complex heterogeneous three-dimensional microstructure, with lower bone volume in the central and anterior superior regions. Trabecular bone quality is a key element to maintain the vertebral strength. The increased fragility of osteoporotic femoral neck is attributed to low cancellous bone volume and high compact porosity. Compared with age-matched controls, increased cortical porosity is observed at the femoral neck in osteoporotic fracture patients. Distal radius demonstrates spatial inhomogeneous characteristic in cortical microstructure. The medial region of the distal radius displays the highest cortical porosity compared with the lateral, anterior and posterior regions. Bone strength of the distal radius is mainly determined by cortical porosity, which deteriorates with advancing age. Key words: Osteoporosis; Fracture; Microstructure; Trabecular bone; Cortical bone; Vertebra; Femoral neck; Distal radius Core tip: The most common sites of the osteoporotic fractures include the vertebra, femoral neck and distal radius, where the microstructural information is a key for fully understanding osteoporosis pathogenesis and improving the prediction of fracture risk. Vertebral strength is mostly preserved by trabecular bone, which is microstructurally inhomogeneous, with lower bone volume in the central and anterior superior regions. Increased fragility of osteoporotic femoral neck is attributed to low cancellous bone volume and high compact porosity. Distal radius shows significant variations in cortical porosity, which is the major element attributed to bone strength of the distal radius.

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Trabecular bone density of male human cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Cited by 94 publications

References 54 publications

A new dynamic six degrees of freedom disc-loading simulator allows to provoke disc damage and herniation

A new dynamic six degrees of freedom disc-loading simulator allows to provoke disc damage and herniation

Paget disease of the spine: an evaluation of 101 patients with a histomorphometric analysis of 29 cases

Bone three-dimensional microstructural features of the common osteoporotic fracture sites

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