Trace analysis of organic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography with photoionization detection

Atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry

“…It was introduced approximately 30 years ago as a detection method (PID) in gas chromatography (Driscoll, 1976;Driscoll & Clarici, 1976;Driscoll & Spaziani, 1976;Driscoll, 1977), and nearly one decade later also in liquid chromatography (LC) (Locke, Dhingra, & Baker, 1982;Driscoll et al, 1984), although, to the best of our knowledge, only a few applications of the latter method have been described in the literature.…”

Evaluation of the influence of protein precipitation prior to on-line SPE–LC–API/MS procedures using multivariate data analysis☆

“…Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is the latest source among API techniques which extends the field of application of LC-MS to apolar molecules. The photoionization (PI) process was already used about 30 years ago as a detection method (PID) in gas chromatography [7][8][9][10][11][12] and coupling LC to PI was performed by Locke et al [13], and later by Driscoll et al [14]. Moreover, the first applications of PI as an ionization process for MS analyses were performed in the 1980s by Revel'skii et al [15].…”

A Photovoltaic Detection System for Flow Injection and Liquid Chromatography

“…Driscoll and co-workers improved the system performance by splitting the effluent and adding helium after vaporization to sweep the solutes into the detector, thus reducing peak broadening. 6 They reported minimum detectable quantities (MDQs) on the order of 1-100 ng with a linear dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude. 6 More recently, the gas-phase photoionization technique has been applied for open tubular and packed capillary liquid chromatography as well as supercritical fluid chromatography.…”

“…The total effluent from a liquid chromatographic column was heated to 300 °C in an oven and the resultant vapor was analyzed using a commercial photoionization detector for gas chromatography. Driscoll and co-workers improved the system performance by splitting the effluent and adding helium after vaporization to sweep the solutes into the detector, thus reducing peak broadening . They reported minimum detectable quantities (MDQs) on the order of 1−100 ng with a linear dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude .…”