1979
DOI: 10.1126/science.204.4399.1328
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Trace Chemicals: The Essence of Sexual Communication Systems in Heliothis Species

Abstract: Analysis of heptane-soluble compounds from ovipositors of Heliothis zea and Heliothis virescens shows that both species produce relatively large amounts of (Z)-11-hexadecenal, with traces of (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, and hexadecanal. Heliothis virescens females differ from Heliothis zea in that they also produce trace amounts of tetradecanal, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol. In both species, trace compounds are essential to pheromonal activity and specificity of chemical signals.

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Cited by 114 publications
(56 citation statements)
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“…a polyphagous pest of food, feed and fiber (estimated annual losses of nearly one billion dollars in the U.S. alone) and Cydia pomonella (L.) (codling moth) a polyphagous pest primarily of pome fruits, stonefruits, and walnuts (losses of more than 10 million dollars annually in California alone). Their sex pheromones have been identified (Roelofs et al 1971(Roelofs et al , 1972Klun et al 1979Klun et al , 1980 and are used in monitoring and/or suppression of these pests. The chief and preferred agricultural host plant of H. zea is corn, which serves as an infestation reservoir from which emergent moths emigrate (Phillips & Whitcomb 1962;Snow & Brazzel 1965).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…a polyphagous pest of food, feed and fiber (estimated annual losses of nearly one billion dollars in the U.S. alone) and Cydia pomonella (L.) (codling moth) a polyphagous pest primarily of pome fruits, stonefruits, and walnuts (losses of more than 10 million dollars annually in California alone). Their sex pheromones have been identified (Roelofs et al 1971(Roelofs et al , 1972Klun et al 1979Klun et al , 1980 and are used in monitoring and/or suppression of these pests. The chief and preferred agricultural host plant of H. zea is corn, which serves as an infestation reservoir from which emergent moths emigrate (Phillips & Whitcomb 1962;Snow & Brazzel 1965).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The pheromone blends of both species contain (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) as the major component and different relative amounts of tetradecanal (14:Ald), (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14:Ald), (Z)-7-hexadecenal (Z7-16:Ald), (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16:Ald), and (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH) (34,(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). In addition to the major component, Z9-16:Ald and Z11-16:OH are essential for the attraction of Hs males (34,49,51), whereas Hv males are attracted to a minimal blend consisting of Z11-16:Ald and Z9-14:Ald (41)(42)(43)48).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to the major component, Z9-16:Ald and Z11-16:OH are essential for the attraction of Hs males (34,49,51), whereas Hv males are attracted to a minimal blend consisting of Z11-16:Ald and Z9-14:Ald (41)(42)(43)48). Hs females also produce three acetate esters, (Z)-7-hexadecenyl acetate (Z7-16:OAc), (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate (Z9-16:OAc), and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc) (collectively denoted ''acetates''), which are all absent in Hv (43,45,(48)(49)(50)52). The addition of Z11-16:OAc to the minimal Hs pheromone blend (three components) results in an insignificant increase in attraction of Hs males (51,53), so the intraspecific role of this compound has been unclear.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The H. subfl exa pheromone blend is comprised of ( Z )-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) as the major pheromone component [Teal et al, 1981;Klun et al, 1982;Heath et al, 1990;Teal and Tumlinson, 1997], ( Z )-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH) [Heath et al, 1990;Vickers, 2002], and ( Z )-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16:Ald) [Vickers, 2002]. The H. virescens pheromone blend is comprised of Z11-16:Ald as the major component, with small amounts of ( Z )-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14:Ald) [Roelofs et al, 1974;Tumlinson et al, 1975;Klun et al, 1979Klun et al, , 1980Vetter and Baker, 1983;Ramaswamy et al,1985;Teal et al, 1986].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%