Trace Compounds in Urban Rain and Roof Runoff

Shu, Peng; Hirner, Alfred V.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19980101)21:1<65::aid-jhrc65>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The rationale for these devices is the first-flush phenomenon reported in the literature, whereby the concentration of contaminants decreases exponentially during the first few millimetres of rainfall. This trend has been observed for a range of contaminants including suspended solids, PAHs, organic compounds and trace metals (Yaziz et al 1989;Fö rster 1996;Shu & Hirner 1998;Fö rster 1999;Li et al 2007).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 72%

Assessment of rainwater quality from rainwater harvesting systems in Ontario, Canada

Despins

Farahbakhsh

Leidl

2009

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

137

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Rainwater samples were collected from rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems at seven sites located in a 30 km radius around the City of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. From October 2006 to October 2007, a total of 360 samples were collected from two sampling locations-the rainwater cistern and at the point of use-and analysed for pH, turbidity, colour, total and fecal coliforms, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and UV absorbance (254 nm). Additional parameters, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, total metals, Campylobacter and Legionella were examined in selected samples. Following data collection, statistical analysis was performed to investigate the factors that influenced rainwater quality. The results of the quality assessment programme were largely consistent with those reported by several other researchers, with the exception of improved microbiological quality during periods of cold weather. Total and fecal coliforms were detected in 31% and 13% of the rainwater samples, respectively, while neither Campylobacter nor Legionella were detected above 1 CFU/100 ml detection limits. The results indicate that, while quality can be expected to vary with environmental conditions, the rainwater from a RWH system can be of consistently high quality through the selection of appropriate catchment and storage materials and the application of post-cistern treatment.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 72%

Assessment of rainwater quality from rainwater harvesting systems in Ontario, Canada

Despins

Farahbakhsh

Leidl

2009

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

137

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“…Compounds leached from these surfaces might react with pollutants present in the precipitation changing runoff composition and properties. Roof runoff typically contains heavy metals and pesticides (Polkowska et al , 2004bGromaire-Mertz et al 1999;Yaziz et al 1989;Quek and Förster 1993;Bucheli et al 1998aBucheli et al , 1998bShu and Hirner 1998;Simmons et al 2001;Kennedy et al 2001;Garnaud et al 1999;Forster 1996Zobrist et al 2000;Davis et al 2001;Bertling et al 2002;Boller 1997;Mason et al 1998;He et al 2001;Heijerick et al 2001Heijerick et al , 2002Odnevall Wallinder et al 2000Davis and Burns 1999;Horstmann and McLachlan 1995;Thomas and Greene 1993). Concentrations of analytes (inorganic and organic) in throughfall samples followed similar trends, the concentration levels being dependent on the kind of trees in the area, their age, and acidity of the precipitation (Prakasa Polkowska et al 2005b;Walna et al 2003Walna et al , 2007.…”

Section: Compoundmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Table 3. Analytical techniques used for the determination of the most common precipitation and runoff pollutants (Bucheli et al 1998a;Lovett and Reiners 1986;EDC 1993;Hoffmann et al 1997;Levsen et al 1990;Alber et al 1989;Leister and Baker 1994;Shu and Hirner 1998;Bucheli et al 1997;Templeton et al 2000;Jung and Fujita 1991;Kaplan 1983, 1991;Pankow et al 1984;Polkowska 2004aPolkowska , 2004b.…”

Section: Analytes Determined In Precipitation and Deposition Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of atmospheric pollutants in wet deposition

2011

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Water is transferred from the atmosphere to the land surface mainly via various forms of atmospheric precipitation, but the contribution of surface condensation and direct deposition (e.g., dew, hoar frost, occult precipitation, etc.) should not be neglected. Wet deposition (including surface condensation and direct deposition) scavenges pollutants from the atmosphere and contributes significantly to their transport. The composition of the runoff formed on contact with various surfaces might be further modified by the components of dry deposition collected on these surfaces or by substances leaching from the surfaces themselves. Samples of wet precipitation or direct deposition might be good indicators of the state of the atmospheric environment and can be used to trace the migration of chemicals emitted from various sources, including anthropogenic ones. This paper discusses the unique challenges present at every stage of the analytical procedures used for the determination of the pollutants in atmospheric precipitation and deposition. A brief review of the results of pollutant and toxicity determination in samples of various forms of atmospheric precipitation and (or) deposition is also included, together with a discussion of the application of chemometric techniques for data interpretation. The aim of this paper is to help interested readers discover the field of pollutant determination in wet deposition and to broaden the scope of their existing research.Résumé : Le transfert de l'eau de l'atmosphère à la surface terrestre s'effectue surtout via diverses formes de précipitations atmosphériques, mais on ne doit pas négliger la contribution de la condensation ou déposition en surface (rosée, frima, pré-cipitations occultes, etc.). La déposition humide (incluant la condensation de surface et la déposition directe) ramasse les polluants de l'atmosphère et contribue significativement à leur transport. La composition de l'écoulement formé au contact avec diverses surfaces peut être encore modifiée par des composantes de dépôts secs accumulées sur ces surfaces ou par des substances lessivées à partir des surfaces elles-mêmes. Les échantillons de dépôts directs ou précipitations humides peuvent constituer de bons indicateurs de l'état de l'environnement atmosphérique et peuvent être utilisés suivre la migration des substances chimiques émises à partir de diverses sources, incluant celles d'origine anthropique. On discute les défis uniques rencontrés aux différentes étapes des procédés analytiques utilisés pour déterminer les polluants des dépôts et des précipita-tions atmosphériques. On inclut également une brève revue des résultats de la détermination des polluants et de leur toxicité dans des échantillons de diverses formes de précipitation ou déposition, ainsi qu'une discussion de l'application des techniques chémométrique pour l'interprétation des données. Le but de cette revue vise à aider les lecteurs intéressés à prendre connaissance du champ de la détermination des polluants dans les dépositions humides et d'...

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“…Automatic sample collection takes place when the conductivity of runoff water decreases below 450 µS/cm 2 (30). The simplest samplers used to collect roof runoff consist of a funnel and a bottle placed at the gutter outlet, into which the runoff flows (51). If the distance between the gutter and the ground is small, the water can be collected in a smaller container and then transferred into a glass bottle (31,32).…”

Section: Sampling Techniques For Runoff Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the distance between the gutter and the ground is small, the water can be collected in a smaller container and then transferred into a glass bottle (31,32). In addition, if a rainwater sampler is placed on the roof of a building, then the concentration of the analytes in rainwater can be compared with that in the roof runoff (51). Plastic pipets can be used to collect runoff samples from the flat parts of the roof (52).…”

Section: Sampling Techniques For Runoff Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Different Sampling Procedures in Studies of Composition of Various Types of Runoff Waters—A Review

Skarżyńska

Polkowska

Namieśnik

et al. 2007

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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Runoff waters are one of the forms in which precipitation reaches the ground and surface waters. They are formed when rain or melting snow washes the surfaces of roofs, highways, agricultural areas or tree canopies. Pollutants present in runoff waters can constitute a potential danger to aquatic ecosystems. This paper reviews techniques and equipment for collecting runoff water. It discusses storage and preparation of samples for analysis (errors made on the stage of sampling, type of a sampled fraction-important step of analysis). This work presents bibliographic information about a wide range of inorganic and organic compounds in variousform of runoff water (as a result of washing out pollutants from such surfaces as: highways, building roofs, and agricultural areas).

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Trace Compounds in Urban Rain and Roof Runoff

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Assessment of rainwater quality from rainwater harvesting systems in Ontario, Canada

Assessment of rainwater quality from rainwater harvesting systems in Ontario, Canada

Determination of atmospheric pollutants in wet deposition

Application of Different Sampling Procedures in Studies of Composition of Various Types of Runoff Waters—A Review

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