Trace conditioning with X-rays as an aversive stimulus

Abstract

An aversion to saccharin flavored water (.1%) was conditioned in male albino rats using X-rays as the noxious stimulus. The time interval between CS (saccharin) and US (X-ray) was varied for different groups and it was noted that an aversion could be formed when these stimuli were separated by as much as 12 h. Additional groups were run with 4% sucrose as the CS and the maximum effective time interval between CS and US was approximately 6 h.

One-trial appetitive conditioning in the sexual behavior system

“…For instance, a rat that experiences gastrointestinal illness once after tasting a distinctively flavored fluid will subsequently avoid that fluid (Smith & Roll, 1967). In contrast, Pavlovian conditioning procedures employing appetitive unconditioned stimuli have not yielded evidence of such rapid learning.…”

Appetitive conditioning with recovery from thiamine deficiency as the unconditioned stimulus

“…However, the conditions under which learning occurs with a taste CS and an internal aversive UCS seem different from those under which Pavlovian conditioning ordinarily occurs. Aversions have been produced with only a few pairings and with delays between CS and UCS of as long as 6 h or 12 h {Revusky, 1968; Smith & Roll, 1967).…”

Saccharin aversions induced by lithium chloride toxicosis in a backward conditioning paradigm

“…With saccharin. this is true even if the interval between ingestion and exposure is extended up to 12 h (Smith & Roll, 1967). Furthermore, it has been shown that rats will form an aversion to saccharin solution when the solution is consumed up to 12 h after exposure to radiation ceases (Scarborough, Whaley, & Rogers, 1964).…”