Trace-element analysis of volcanic glass shards by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: application to tephrochronological studies

Westgate, John A.; Perkins, William H.; Fuge, R.; Pearce, Nick; Wintle, A.G.

doi:10.1016/0883-2927(94)90042-6

Cited by 70 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Identification of distal tephra deposits, commonly embedded in non-volcanic sedimentary sequences, is usually dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the constituent glass shards. Characterization by grain-discrete geochemical methods is most appropriate because distal tephra deposits are particularly susceptible to reworking when they can become mixed with detrital, commonly nonvolcanic, minerogenic material (Westgate et al, 1994). This contamination is difficult to remove fully in fine-grained distal deposits and considerable effort is required to produce bulk separates of the required purity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Santorini (Minoan) Tephra in Lake Sediments from Gölhisar Gölü, Southwest Turkey by Laser Ablation ICP-MS

Eastwood¹,

Pearce²,

Westgate³

et al. 1998

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Santorini (Minoan) Tephra in Lake Sediments from Gölhisar Gölü, Southwest Turkey by Laser Ablation ICP-MS

Eastwood¹,

Pearce²,

Westgate³

et al. 1998

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…Background counts of the argon gas were used as analytical blanks. Additional blanks and calibration standards (0, 20, and 50 pg g-l) for mercury and lead were made from spiked carbonate slurry dried and pressed into round cakes (Pearce et al 1992, Westgate et al 1994). The soda-lime glass, NIST 610, was the reference material used for lead calibration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal concentrations in fish otoliths in relation to body composition after laboratory exposure to mercury and lead

Geffen¹,

Pearce²,

Perkins³

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Metal concentrations in fish otolithsABSTRACT Juvenile sand g o b~e s Pomatosch~stus mlnutus, plaice Pleuronectes platessa, and sole Solea solea were exposed to high or low levels of mercury or lead for 45 d In the laboratory Points on the otollth corresponding to the core (pre-treatment), the start of exposure, midway through the exposure, and the termmation of exposure were sampled and analysed by laser ablat~on -inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) There were significant Increases In the metal content of the goby and sole otoliths after exposure to mercuiy or lead, and the differences between the treatment levels for each element weie significant Plaice otol~ths showed little increase in metal accumulat~on, and the difference between treatments was not sign~ficant The relationship between exposule level, otolith metal concentration, and the metal concentration in flsh muscle t i s s u~ was complex In general, lead accumulated faster in the otolith and uptake was higher at low exposuic levels Mercury concentlations in fish tissue generally paralleled the concentration measured in the otoliths and the exposure level Lead concentratlons in f~s h otol~ths were inversely related to t~s s u e concentratlons KEY WORDS: Otolith microchemistry . Heavy metals . Otollth composition INTRODUCTIONFish otoliths are composed primarily of calcium carbonate formed by the accumulation of crystals on an organic matrix. During formation, trace levels of numerous other elements are incorporated ~n t o either the organic or inorganic portion of the otolith. The concentrations of these trace elements are thought to be influenced pr~marily by the environmental conditions experienced by the fish. For example, variations in the ratios of strontium to calcium (Radtke & Targett 1984, Radtke 1989, Radtke & Shafer 1992, iron to calcium (Gauld~e et al. 1980), and the oxygen isotopes 1 6 0 to "0 (Kalish 1991b, Iacumin et al. 1992 have been linked to variations in water temperature experienced by the fish. Changes in these ratios have also been used to demonstrate the migratory patterns of anadramous and estuarine-dependent fishes (Nelson et al. 1989, Lecomte-Finiger 1992, Northcote et al. 1992, Secor 1992, Thorrold et al. 1997. Cyclic variations in the trace element composition across otolith sections have been used to verify ageing by comparison with visible annuli (Radtke & Targett 1984, Seyama et al. 1991, Radtke et al. 1993. Radioisotope ratios have also been measured to determine the age of otolith cores and thus verify ages determined by visual bands, or to determine longevity in certain species (Campana et al. 1990, 1993, Fenton & Short 1992, Kalish 1993.More detailed studies of otolith composition have made use of analytical techniques with very low detection limits for a wide range of elements. These studies have demonstrated that otoliths naturally contain many trace elements, including heavy metals, and that there are consistent differences in the composition of the otoliths for fish inhabiting different areas....

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“…Although early analyses of trace elements and REEs in glass using bulk (multiparticle) samples were promising (e.g., Borchardt et al, 1971;Howorth and Rankin, 1975), developments in laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) have effectively revolutionized the analysis of tephras by providing (1) an efficient and precise method for determining abundances of a wide variety of trace elements including REEs at low concentrations in individual glass shards, and thus fingerprint individual tephras (or tephra successions) of similar mineralogy or provenance, and (2) further assessment of geochemical heterogeneities within individual tephra layers (Westgate et al, 1994;Bryant et al, 1999;Pearce et al, 1996Pearce et al, , 2004aPearce et al, , 2007Nairn et al, 2004;Harangi et al, 2005). Cleaned and picked glass shards mounted, polished, carbon coated, and analysed previously by EPMA are placed in the ablation chamber of the laser system and, by using annotated images acquired during the EPMA analysis or the x-y coordinate system noted earlier, the same shards can be relocated for analysis by LA-ICPMS ( Fig.…”

Section: Laser-ablation Icpms and Ion Probe Analysis Of Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Lowe

2011

Quaternary Geochronology

650

535

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Tephrochronology (from tephra, Gk "ashes") is a unique stratigraphic method for linking, dating, and synchronizing geological, palaeoenvironmental, or archaeological sequences or events. As well as utilizing the Law of Superposition, tephrochronology in practise requires tephra deposits to be characterized (or "fingerprinted") using physical properties evident in the field together with those obtained from laboratory analyses. Such analyses include mineralogical examination (petrography) or geochemical analysis of glass shards or crystals using an electron microprobe or other analytical tools including laser-ablation-based mass spectrometry or the ion microprobe. The palaeoenvironmental or archaeological context in which a tephra occurs may also be useful for correlational purposes. Tephrochronology provides greatest utility when a numerical age obtained for a tephra or cryptotephra is transferrable from one site to another using stratigraphy and by comparing and matching inherent compositional features of the deposits with a high degree of likelihood. Used this way, tephrochronology is an age-equivalent dating method that provides an exceptionally precise volcanic-event stratigraphy. Such age transfers are valid because the primary tephra deposits from an eruption essentially have the same short-lived age everywhere they occur, forming isochrons very soon after the eruption (normally within a year).As well as providing isochrons for palaeoenvironmental and archaeological reconstructions, tephras through their geochemical analysis allow insight into volcanic and magmatic processes, and provide a comprehensive record of explosive volcanism and recurrence rates in the Quaternary (or earlier) that can be used to establish time-space relationships of relevance to volcanic hazard analysis.The basis and application of tephrochronology as a central stratigraphic and geochronological tool for Quaternary studies are presented and discussed in this review. Topics covered include principles of tephrochronology, defining isochrons, tephra nomenclature, mapping and correlating tephras from proximal to distal locations at metre-through to sub-3 millimetre-scale, cryptotephras, mineralogical and geochemical fingerprinting methods, numerical and statistical correlation techniques, and developments and applications in dating including the use of flexible depositional age-modelling techniques based on Bayesian statistics.Along with reference to wide-ranging examples and the identification of important recent advances in tephrochronology, such as the development of new geoanalytical approaches that enable individual small glass shards to be analysed near-routinely for major, trace, and rare-earth elements, potential problems such as miscorrelation, erroneous-age transfer, and tephra reworking and taphonomy (especially relating to cryptotephras) are also examined. Some of the challenges for future tephrochronological studies include refining geochemical analytical methods further, improving understanding of cryptotephra dis...

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Trace-element analysis of volcanic glass shards by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: application to tephrochronological studies

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Recognition of Santorini (Minoan) Tephra in Lake Sediments from Gölhisar Gölü, Southwest Turkey by Laser Ablation ICP-MS

Recognition of Santorini (Minoan) Tephra in Lake Sediments from Gölhisar Gölü, Southwest Turkey by Laser Ablation ICP-MS

Metal concentrations in fish otoliths in relation to body composition after laboratory exposure to mercury and lead

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

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