Trace element and REE composition of a low-temperature ridge-flank hydrothermal spring

Wheat, C. G.; Mottl, Michael J.; Rudnicki, M.D.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(02)00894-3

Cited by 135 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Today, seawater carries a homogeneous isotope composition of δ 98 Mo = 2.3±0.1‰ [4][5][6] relative to the oceanic input of dissolved Mo in rivers (90%) at ~0.7‰ [7][8][9]) with the rest from low temperature hydrothermal fluids [10] at ~0.8‰ [11].…”

Section: A1: Modern Mo Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Molybdenum evidence for expansive sulfidic water masses in ~750Ma oceans

Dahl

Canfield

Rosing

et al. 2011

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

106

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Section: A1: Modern Mo Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Molybdenum evidence for expansive sulfidic water masses in ~750Ma oceans

Dahl

Canfield

Rosing

et al. 2011

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

106

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“…Five main types of hydrothermal fluids circulate through modern oceanic crust: three high temperature types (≤400 • C) operate at oceanic ridges, above plumes and in back-arc basins respectively; an intermediate type occurs on ridge flanks (≤115 • C); and the last, far cooler, on the deep ocean floor (Anderson et al, 1977;Bonatti et al, 1983;Von Damm, 1990, Cathles, 1990Sedwick et al, 1994;Kelley et al, 2001;Wheat et al, 2002;Früh-Green et al, 2003) (Table 1).…”

Section: Modern Hydrothermal Systems -How They Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodynamic and metabolic cycles in the Hadean

2005

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Abstract. High-degree melting of hot dry Hadean mantle at ocean ridges and plumes resulted in a crust about 30 km thick, overlain in places by extensive and thick mafic volcanic plateaus. Continental crust, by contrast, was relatively thin and mostly submarine. At constructive and destructive plate boundaries, and above the many mantle plumes, acidic hydrothermal springs at ∼400 • C contributed Fe and other transition elements as well as P and H 2 to the deep ocean made acidulous by dissolved CO 2 and minor HCl derived from volcanoes. Away from ocean ridges, submarine hydrothermal fluids were cool (≤100 • C), alkaline (pH ∼10), highly reduced and also H 2 -rich. Reaction of solvents in this fluid with those in ocean water was catalyzed in a hydrothermal mound, a natural self-restoring flow reactor and fractionation column developed above the alkaline spring. The mound consisted of brucite, Mg-rich clays, ephemeral carbonates, Fe-Ni sulfide and green rust. Acetate and glycine were the main products, some of which were eluted to the ocean. The rest, along with other organic byproducts were retained and concentrated within Fe-Ni sulfide compartments. These compartments, comprising the natural hydrothermal reactor, consisted partly of greigite (Fe 5 NiS 8 ). It was from reactions between organic modules confined within these inorganic compartments that the first prokaryotic organism evolved. These acetogenic precursors to the bacteria diversified and migrated down the mound and into the ocean floor to inaugurate the "deep biosphere". Once there they were protected from cataclysmic heating events caused by large meteoritic impacts. Geodynamic forces led to the eventual obduction of the deep biosphere into the photic zone where, initially protected by a thin veneer of sediment, the use of solar energy was mastered and photosynthesis emerged. The further evolution to oxygenic photosynthesis was effected as catalytic [Mn,Ca] -bearing molecules that otherwise wouldCorrespondence to: N. T. Arndt (arndt@ujf-grenoble.fr) have been interred in minerals such as ranciéite and hollandite in shallow marine manganiferous sediments, were sequestered and invaginated within the cyanobacterial precursor where, energized by light, they could oxidize water. Thus, a chemical sedimentary environment was required both for the emergence of chemosynthesis and of oxygenic photosynthesis, the two innovations that did most to change the nature of our planet.

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“…• C) ridge-flank hydrothermal systems show Mo concentrations several fold higher than seawater (Wheat et al, 2002). Using these concentrations and hydrothermal water flux estimates (Elderfield and Schultz, 1996), the Mo hydrothermal flux to seawater is estimated as 14% of the previously estimated riverine flux (Wheat et al, 2002).…”

Section: Mo and Re In High Temperature Hydrothermal Fluids From The Mmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Using hydrothermal water flux values from Elderfield and Schultz (1996) and Mo concentrations from Metz and Trefry (2000), Wheat et al (2002) estimate respective high-and low-temperature hydrothermal Mo fluxes of about 1%…”

Section: −mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-cycling of rhenium and its isotopes

Miller¹

2009

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The application of elemental and isotopic metal palaeoredox tracers to the geologic past rests on an understanding of modern metal cycles. This study reevaluates the surface-cycling of Mo and Re in near-surface reservoirs. Revised river averages of Mo and Re are 1.8-and 7.9-fold larger than previous estimates. The river concentrations of 8.0 nmol Mo kg −1 and 11.2 pmol Re kg −1 (pre-anthropogenic), result in shorter seawater response times of 4.4 × 10 5 yr (τ Mo ) and 1.3 × 10 5 yr (τ Re pre-anthropogenic). These metals, especially Re, are more sensitive to changing source and sink fluxes than previously thought.Evaluation of Mo and Re concentrations in high temperature fluids from the Manus Basin indicate that Re is essentially absent from the hydrothermal end member and Mo is present at concentrations considerably lower than ambient seawater. The sink fluxes represented by hydrothermal circulation are negligible in comparison to the revised river source fluxes.Anthropogenic contributions to the Re flux to seawater are seen in the high concentrations of certain impacted water samples such as those associated with mining sites. It may also be seen in a significant, variable, Re enrichment feature in the Hudson River estuary. This Re enrichment feature is not the result of estuarine mixing or the remobilization of sediment-hosted Re. On the basis of a Re -SO 2− 4 correlation we are able to quantify and correct for the anthropogenic Re, which corresponds to ∼33% of the modern river average.This study documents the development of an analytical method for stable Re isotopes. Though complicated by analyte requirements and 187 Re -187 Os decay, Re isotope measurements have a reproducibility of ±0.05 for analyte concentrations of 20 ng Re mL −1 . Total Re isotopic variability to date is 0.9 . This includes 0.3 across five commercially available Re products, and 0.5 across a black shale weathering profile. δ 187 Re variability across the weathering profile was systematic with the most weathered samples showing the most significant 187 Re depletions. The 3 Re isotopic weathering profile is well described by both two-component mixing and Rayleigh fractionation. There are currently insufficient data to discriminate between the two models.

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Trace element and REE composition of a low-temperature ridge-flank hydrothermal spring

Cited by 135 publications

References 63 publications

Molybdenum evidence for expansive sulfidic water masses in ~750Ma oceans

Molybdenum evidence for expansive sulfidic water masses in ~750Ma oceans

Geodynamic and metabolic cycles in the Hadean

Surface-cycling of rhenium and its isotopes

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