Trace-element concentrations and water-soluble ions in size-segregated dust-borne and soil samples in Sistan, southeast Iran

Behrooz, Reza Dahmardeh; Esmaili-Sari, Abbas; Bahramifar, Nader; Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G.; Saeb, Keivan; Rajaei, Fatemeh

doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2017.04.001

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The daily mean PM 10 levels reached up to 400 µg m −3 on 6 February, while on 7 February they decreased to 76 µg m −3 . Previous studies reported daily mean PM 10 levels of 2000-3000 µg m −3 during intense summer dust storms in Zabol [44], while in certain cases PM 10 levels can reach up to 10,000 µg m −3 [51,52]. This implies that the current episode is of a rather moderate intensity for Sistan, but it can be considered as specifically intense for the winter period, which does not support the occurrence of this severe phenomenon.…”

Section: Local Impact and Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In summer, but in several cases also during wintertime, the dryness of the Hamoun ephemeral lakes leaves an alluvial saline fine-silt material very prone to wind erosion [49,51]. Under favorable conditions of intense near-surface winds, mostly during summer, but occasionally in the other seasons, the Hamoun depression is able to produce massive dust storms, with particulate matter (PM 10 ) concentrations and aerosol optical depth (AOD) values above 5-10 mg m −3 and 3.5-5.0, respectively [51,52]. The water coverage in Hamoun Lake depends on both local and regional precipitation as well as snowfall and snowmelt in the Hazarajat Mountains in Afghanistan.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, land cover changes and dryness of the lakes are the most important factors for dust storm occurrence in Sistan, although the relative contribution of each lake is not well established [54]. Recent studies revealed relatively large fractions of Cl − and Na + (7-9% of the water-soluble inorganic species) in airborne dust implying the presence of saline dust storms with high fractions of evaporated minerals, fine-grain saline particles (e.g., NaCl, NaSO 4 ), and potentially toxic heavy metals [52]. In synopsis, the Sistan Basin constitutes an important region for geological, meteorological, atmospheric, air-quality, and socio-economic research studies.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dust activity in Sistan has been demonstrated to have a strong linkage with the inter-annual to intra-seasonal changes in water coverage of the ephemeral Hamoun Lake and greenery of the area [49], as well as to synoptic meteorology via changes in teleconnection patterns and CasHKI (Caspian Sea Hindu Kush Index) intensity [34,50]. Presence of saline dust storms due to Aeolian deflation from salt-rich sediments and salinized soils are often observed in the Sistan Basin [51,52]. Gale winds, especially during the summer season, are responsible for fine-sand emissions from the exposed dried-lake beds which are deposited as huge sand dunes over the whole Sistan Basin [53,54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Dynamics from Synoptic to Local Scale During an Intense Frontal Dust Storm over the Sistan Basin in Winter 2019

et al. 2019

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The Sistan Basin has been recognized as one of the most active dust sources and windiest desert environments in the world. Although the dust activity in Sistan maximizes during the summer, rare but intense dust storms may also occur in the winter. This study aims to elucidate the atmospheric dynamics related to dust emission and transport, dust-plume characteristics, and impacts on aerosol properties and air quality during an intense dust storm over Sistan in February 2019. The dust storm was initiated by strong northerly winds (~20 ms−1) associated with the intrusion of a cold front from high latitudes. The upper-level potential vorticity (PV)-trough evolved into a cut-off low in the mid and upper troposphere and initiated unstable weather over Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. At the surface, density currents emanating from deep convective clouds and further strengthened by downslope winds from the mountains, caused massive soil erosion. The passage of the cold front reduced the temperature by ~10 °C and increased the atmospheric pressure by ~10 hPa, while the visibility was limited to less than 200 m. The rough topography played a major role in modulating the atmospheric dynamics, wind field, dust emissions, and transport pathways. Meso-NH model simulates large amounts of columnar mass dust loading (> 20 g m−2) over Sistan, while the intense dust plume was mainly traveling below 2 km and increased the particulate matter (PM10) concentrations up to 1800 µg m−3 at Zabol. The dust storm was initially moving in an arc-shaped pathway over the Sistan Basin and then it spread away. Plumes of dust covered a large area in southwest Asia, reaching the northern Arabian Sea, and the Thar desert one to two days later, while they strongly affected the aerosol properties at Karachi, Pakistan, by increasing the aerosol optical depth (AOD > 1.2) and the coarse-mode fraction at ~0.7.

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Section: Local Impact and Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Atmospheric Dynamics from Synoptic to Local Scale During an Intense Frontal Dust Storm over the Sistan Basin in Winter 2019

et al. 2019

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“…Factor 5 was recognized as the dust source (DU), and was characterized by Na, Cr, Sr, and Na + , which commonly originate from natural sources. Na and Sr were mostly from crustal sources [80], and Na + was probably from sea salt [82]. This source accounted for 9.8% of PM 1 and 16.4% of PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Sectoral Source Apportionment and Regional Source Identificamentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemical Characteristics and Sources of Submicron Particles in a City with Heavy Pollution in China

Lang

Cheng

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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Submicron particle (PM1) pollution has received increased attention in recent years; however, few studies have focused on such pollution in the city of Shijiazhuang (SJZ), which is one of the most polluted cities in the world. In this study, we conducted an intensive simultaneous sampling of PM1 and PM2.5 in autumn 2016, in order to explore pollution characteristics and sources in SJZ. The results showed that the average mass concentrations of PM1 and PM2.5 were 70.51 μg/m3 and 91.68 μg/m3, respectively, and the average ratio of PM1/PM2.5 was 0.75. Secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was the dominant component in PM1 (35.9%) and PM2.5 (32.3%). An analysis of haze episodes found that SIA had a significant influence on PM1 pollution, NH4+ promoted the formation of pollution, and SO42− and NO3− presented different chemical mechanisms. Additionally, the results of source apportionment implied that secondary source, biomass burning and coal combustion, traffic, industry, and dust were the major pollution sources for SJZ, accounting for 45.4%, 18.9%, 15.7%, 10.3%, and 9.8% of PM1, respectively, and for 42.4%, 18.8%, 12.2%, 10.2%, and 16.4% of PM2.5, respectively. Southern Hebei, mid-eastern Shanxi, and northern Henan were the major contribution regions during the study period. Three transport pathways of pollutants were put forward, including airflows from Shanxi with secondary source, airflows from the central Beijng–Tianjin–Hebei region with fossil fuel burning source, and airflows from the southern North China Plain with biomass burning source. The systematic analysis of PM1 could provide scientific support for the creation of an air pollution mitigation policy in SJZ and similar regions.

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Monitoring, Source Identification and Environmental Risk of Potentially Toxic Elements of Dust in Isfahan Province, Central Iran

Marjovvi

Soleimani

Mirghaffari

et al. 2022

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Trace-element concentrations and water-soluble ions in size-segregated dust-borne and soil samples in Sistan, southeast Iran

Cited by 50 publications

References 113 publications

Atmospheric Dynamics from Synoptic to Local Scale During an Intense Frontal Dust Storm over the Sistan Basin in Winter 2019

Atmospheric Dynamics from Synoptic to Local Scale During an Intense Frontal Dust Storm over the Sistan Basin in Winter 2019

Chemical Characteristics and Sources of Submicron Particles in a City with Heavy Pollution in China

Monitoring, Source Identification and Environmental Risk of Potentially Toxic Elements of Dust in Isfahan Province, Central Iran

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