2005
DOI: 10.1002/xrs.878
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Trace element determination in hair by synchrotron x‐ray fluorescence analysis: application to the hair of Napoleon I

Abstract: Several hairs belonging to Napoleon I were analyzed through synchrotron induced x-ray fluorescence analysis. This study revealed the presence of many toxic elements, often far above the lethal content, and with important concentration variations from one hair to another and even from one place to another in a same sample. This does not seem to favor the simple hypothesis of poisoning through arsenic ingestion.

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Cited by 21 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…This makes synchrotron radiation sources the brightest known sources of X-rays. The planar acceleration geometry makes the radiation linearly polarized when observed in the orbital plane, and circularly polarized when observed at a small angle to that plane [8,27]. In addition the third import property of this radiation is the high collimation level.…”
Section: Synchrotron Radiation Induced X-ray Emissionmentioning
confidence: 97%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This makes synchrotron radiation sources the brightest known sources of X-rays. The planar acceleration geometry makes the radiation linearly polarized when observed in the orbital plane, and circularly polarized when observed at a small angle to that plane [8,27]. In addition the third import property of this radiation is the high collimation level.…”
Section: Synchrotron Radiation Induced X-ray Emissionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…In addition the third import property of this radiation is the high collimation level. These characteristics are the main key for making the synchrotron radiation the most powerful tool for microanalysis, and mapping of elemental distribution in medical samples [27][28][29]. Synchrotron radiation has also been used with great success in TXRF techniques to study low elements analysis in biological applications [30].…”
Section: Synchrotron Radiation Induced X-ray Emissionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the hair will have prolonged exposure to contamination and degrading effects over the decades to centuries or even millennia. [208][209][210][211] These interpretations are complicated by many factors. These can include breaking down of the proteins by hydrolysis and consumption by fungi or insects and other keratinolytic microbes.…”
Section: A Retrospective Lookmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Arsenic analysis of Napoleon I had been reviewed by Goldsmith, where neutron activation analysis was used, and recently had been performed by Chevallier et al . and Carvalho et al .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Arsenic analysis of Napoleon I had been reviewed by Goldsmith [2] , where neutron activation analysis was used, and recently had been performed by Chevallier et al [12] and Carvalho et al [13] using the SR-XRF analysis. From these reports, arsenic analysis of hair is very problematic because of surface effects or contamination.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%