Trace element distribution in annual stalagmite laminae mapped by micrometer-resolution X-ray fluorescence: Implications for incorporation of environmentally significant species

Borsato, Andrea; Frisia, Silvia; Fairchild, Ian J.; Somogyì, Á.; Susini, J.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.12.016

Cited by 231 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It is ideally suited because it is small, largely undisturbed, and one of the most extensively monitored cave sites worldwide (e.g. Borsato 1997;McDermott et al 1999;Huang et al 2001;Frisia et al 2003;Borsato et al 2007). The hillslope vegetation above the cave consists of C 3 plants, mostly conifers, seasonal shrubs, and grass.…”

Section: Choice Of Model Parameters Cave Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites

2011

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ABSTRACT. The imprint of the radiocarbon bomb peak was detected in the top of stalagmite ER-77 from Grotta di Ernesto (NE Italy). This recently grown stalagmite reveals a reservoir age, also known as dead carbon fraction (dcf), of ~1050 14 C yr, or 12%. By applying a 14 C soil-karst model, the age spectrum of soil organic matter (SOM) as well as the CO 2 contribution of the single SOM reservoirs to the total soil CO 2 can be derived. Under the assumption of constant vegetation, meaning both vegetation density and the age spectrum of SOM, it is possible to derive the soil-air 14 C activity of the past using the 14 C calibration curve (IntCal04). Hence, it is also possible to calculate an artificial stalagmite 14 C data set covering the last 25,000 yr with parameters determined for stalagmite ER-77. With this artificially constructed data set, we derived the hypothetical atmospheric 14 C activity by using the common method of applying a constant dcf on the modeled 14 C data set of the stalagmite. This theoretical approach allows to analyze the impact of a constant and variable SOM age spectrum on atmospheric 14 C reconstructions performed with real stalagmite 14 C measurements. We observe deviations between IntCal04 and the atmospheric 14 C activity as derived with our modeled 14 C data set, which are larger for older SOM than for younger SOM and vary in time up to 2 pMC, depending on the strength of the variations in the atmospheric 14 C level. This value is comparable with the 1- uncertainty given by IntCal04 for the last glacial. For a varying SOM age spectrum, the deviations between the calibration curve and 14 C level of the atmosphere reconstructed with a stalagmite exceed 3 pMC, which is larger than the 1- uncertainty of IntCal04. In general, the SOM has smoothing, shifting, and 14 C-depleting effects on the stalagmite 14 C record and, therefore, on the stalagmite-derived atmospheric 14 C activity. In this study, changes in soil-air pCO 2 and carbonate dissolution conditions, which have also an important impact on the 14 C record of a stalagmite, are not accounted for.

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Section: Choice Of Model Parameters Cave Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites

2011

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“…Phosphorus is usually regarded as a proxy element of soil activity, with high P contents in water (and in the stalagmites) from sources with high biogenic productivity. 41 The Si and Al content would indicate the significance of silicate rock weathering, whereas the Mg and Sr content depends on temperature and rate of precipitation, evaporation of dripwater solutions and carbonate precipitation along the infiltration pathways, 42 as well as on dissolution of surrounding rocks. 43 As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronze Age volcanic event recorded in stalagmites by combined isotope and trace element studies

Siklósy

Demény

Vennemann

et al. 2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Stable isotope analyses of speleothems (carbonate deposits formed in caves) have been widely used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions. Recent improvements in geochemical techniques have enabled us to analyze climate‐influenced deposits at high temporal resolution so that hitherto unrecognized environmental conditions may be identified. Stable H, C and O isotope analyses on carbonate and inclusion water have been combined with multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS) age dating and laser‐ablation ICP‐MS trace element analyses on a stalagmite from southern Hungary. The study reveals significant changes in chemical and isotopic compositions of the speleothem between approx. 3800 and 3500 years BP (‘Before Present’) indicating coupled changes in the temperature and precipitation regime under which the speleothem formed. Stable isotopic and trace element correlations within this time period correlate with similar studies of stalagmites of comparable age from the Alpine‐Mediterranean region. Our studies suggest that traces of deposition of volcanic dust, possibly related to the Thera eruption of Santorini (Greece) ca. 1650 BC (∼3650 BP), and environmental changes can be detected at a distance of several thousand kilometers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Apolloni, 1996). This ecosystem disturbance is recorded in ER78 242 stalagmite, which shows organic-rich laminae enriched in heavy elements (Cu, Pb, Y and Zn) in the 243 period from1900 to 1920 AD, suggesting enhanced leaching of trace elements through the disturbed 244 soil profile (Borsato et al, 2007a). 245…”

Section: Sites Description Data Sources and Methods 219 220mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present-day vegetation 238 11 above the cave is a mixed conifer -deciduous forest association, composed primarily of Fagus 239 sylvatica, Picea abies and Abies alba (Fairchild et al 2009; Miorandi et al 2010). Most trees started to 240 grow ca.80 years ago (Borsato et al, 2007a) following forest clearance carried out to facilitate military 241 operations before World War 1 (cf. Apolloni, 1996).…”

Section: Sites Description Data Sources and Methods 219 220mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphate concentration in cave dripwater and speleothems: long-term trends and overview of its significance as proxy for environmental processes and climate changes

Borsato

Frisia

Wynn

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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18 19Sulphate concentration in speleothems identifies major volcanic eruptions, provide useful information 20 on soil and aquifer dynamics and, similarity to the 14 C bomb peak, its Anthropocene peak can be used 21 to date recent cave formations. However, the transmission of S from the atmosphere to cave dripwater 22 and its incorporation in speleothems is subjected to biogeochemical cycling and accurate studies of 23

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Trace element distribution in annual stalagmite laminae mapped by micrometer-resolution X-ray fluorescence: Implications for incorporation of environmentally significant species

Cited by 231 publications

References 53 publications

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites

Bronze Age volcanic event recorded in stalagmites by combined isotope and trace element studies

Sulphate concentration in cave dripwater and speleothems: long-term trends and overview of its significance as proxy for environmental processes and climate changes

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Trace element distribution in annual stalagmite laminae mapped by micrometer-resolution X-ray fluorescence: Implications for incorporation of environmentally significant species

Cited by 231 publications

References 53 publications

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric 14C Levels Via Stalagmites

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric 14C Levels Via Stalagmites

Bronze Age volcanic event recorded in stalagmites by combined isotope and trace element studies

Sulphate concentration in cave dripwater and speleothems: long-term trends and overview of its significance as proxy for environmental processes and climate changes

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Product

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The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites