Trace element geochemistry of magnetite from the giant Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province, Southwest China and its implications for the ore forming processes

Sun, Xiaoming; Lin, Huan; Fu, Yu; Li, Dengfeng; Hollings, Pete; Yang, Tianjian; Liu, Zhang-Rong

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.09.007

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Notably, dissolution, re‐precipitation, and re‐crystallization processes during post‐ore stage can modify the contents of trace elements in magnetite (Hu et al, 2015; Sun et al, 2017). During these process, Na, Si, Mg, Ca, Mn, Al, Sr, and Cr are mobile, whereas Ti and V show moderately mobile behaviour, and Bi, Co, Sn, and Ga are relatively immobile (Hu et al, 2015; Li et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron, Al, Ti, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cr, V, Ni, Co, and Ga typically substitute into the spinel group minerals, which are referred to magnetite elements (Nadoll, Mauk, Hayes, Koenig, & Box, 2012; Nadoll, Mauk, Leveille, & Koenig, 2015). The high sensitivity of texture and composition for magnetite in terms of physicochemical changes in the hydrothermal systems lead to the trace element discrimination diagrams, a useful tool to determine the origin of magnetite and ore deposit types (Dupuis & Beaudoin, 2011; Dare et al, 2012, 2014; Nadoll et al, 2014; Wen et al, 2017; Sun et al, 2017). In situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) trace element analyses have relatively low detective limit and could provide a better discrimination for magnetite with different origins, including porphyry‐ and skarn‐type, Kiruna‐type, iron oxide copper gold (IOCG) deposits, and magmatic V‐Ti magnetite deposit (Broughm, Hanchar, Tornos, Westhues, & Attersley, 2017; Li et al, 2017; Nadoll et al, 2015; Wen et al, 2017; Yin, Ma, & Robinson, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Located in the central part of the Jinshajiang‐Ailaoshan potassium alkaline magmatic belt, the Beiya skarn gold deposit is closely associated with a Cenozoic alkaline porphyry (He, Zhou, & He, 2013). The Beiya deposit has an estimated gold resource of 131 million tons (Mt) with an average grade of 2.47 g/t, which is the third largest gold deposit and the largest skarn gold deposit in China (He et al, 2016; Sun et al, 2017; Zhou, Sun, Fu, Lin, & Jiang, 2016). At Beiya ore district, magnetite is the most important ore mineral that hosts native gold and electrum and has been suggested to assist Bi‐melt scavenging gold during gold ore formation (Zhou et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At Beiya ore district, magnetite is the most important ore mineral that hosts native gold and electrum and has been suggested to assist Bi‐melt scavenging gold during gold ore formation (Zhou et al, 2017). Also, magnetite plays an important role in gold enrichment, but the enrichment process is still poorly understood (Sun et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhou et al (2017) proposed a close genetic relationship between gold and Bi melt at Beiya. Based on the petrological characteristics and trace element compositions, Sun et al (2017) presented five representative magnetite types (M1‐M5) at different stages and further discussed their trace element concentration variations to provide direct constraints on the physicochemical conditions for the ore fluids. For example, the increasing Ti, V, and Al + Mn contents from M4‐M5 suggest the increased temperature and the decreased f O 2 , which has evidenced a new magma event in Beiya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Textures and trace element geochemistry of magnetite in the Beiya gold deposit, SW China

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The Beiya gold deposit (323t of gold @ 2.47 g/t) is located in the centre of the Jinshajiang‐Ailaoshan potassium alkaline porphyry Cu‐Au metallogenic belt in SW China, which is the largest skarn gold deposit in China. As the dominant ore mineral at Beiya, magnetite has been selected as a petrogenetic indicator to understand the ore‐forming process. In this study, magnetites have been divided into the euhedral–subhedral (ME), anhedral (MA), lamellar (ML), and replaced (MR) types based on their textures, which have been further determined by in situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses. In detail, plots in discriminant diagrams constrain the Beiya magnetite a hydrothermal origin. Trace elements in magnetite vary with respect to different textures. Titanium concentrations are similar in all magnetite types, suggesting that all magnetites were precipitated in a relatively narrow temperature range. The decreasing V content combined with haematite after magnetite (martitization) suggests that the oxygen fugacity increased from ME and MA and then decreased to ML and MR. All magnetite types show similar content variations and similar (Mg + Mn)/Al ratios, indicating a decreasing degree of fluid–rock interactions. The rim–core texture indicates that the MR type magnetite has experienced the dissolution–reprecipitation process. Mushketovite marks the later ore‐forming environment and the iron‐rich hydrothermal fluids transformed from high temperature and oxidized to low temperature and reduced features. Magnetite textures, combined with its trace element variations, could be used as a potential tool for inferring the ore‐forming fluid evolution.

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