Trace element levels in tissues from cattle fed a sewage sludge‐amended diet

Abstract

The levels of 20 elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) are reported for kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and brain tissues taken from two groups of six steers per group in a feeding study conducted at Colorado State University. The control group was fed a normal feedlot cattle ration and the test group was fed the same ration amended with 12% (by weight) air-dried municipal sewage sludge. Elemental levels are also reported for the control and test diets, control and test feces, and sewage sludge added to the diet. All samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis. Brief descriptions of the analytical methods are included. The levels of all metals determined were elevated in the test diet (as much as 19-fold for Cd) compared with the control diet. The levels of Pb and Cd in kidney and of Pb, Cd, and Cu in liver in the test animals were high enough to cause concern from a toxicological standpoint if these tissues were consumed regularly by humans. None of the levels of any of the other elements in the control and test animal tissues were high enough to cause similar concern with respect to human consumption.

Elevated manganese levels in blood and central nervous system occur before onset of clinical signs in scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy

“…Although metals in the tissues of animals have been studied for many years, it was not possible to source or gain access to a standard reference set of metals in cattle or sheep to compare with this study. Those publications we could access (e.g., Boyer et al, 1981;Erdogan et al, 2004;Miranda et al, 2006) provided only limited information on small number of animals but largely correlated well with our findings.…”

Vitamin A Intake, Serum Vitamin D and Bone Mineral Density: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008–2011)

“…The current study reports that an adequate vitamin D status is associated with higher BMD and the association of vitamin A with BMD appears to vary by vitamin D status in men. We cannot overlook a possibility of bias evaluating the vitamin A intake through, for example, milk [ 31 ], butter [ 32 ] and liver [ 33 , 34 ], since these foods can be related with low bone mass or osteoporosis risk due to an environmental toxin or other negative effect on bone. In addition, there is a potential for misclassification of vitamin A intake assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire.…”

Radionuclide transfer to animal products: revised recommended transfer coefficient values

“…The higher value (1.2 Â 10 À3 d kg À1 ) in Table 4 is based upon two continuous feeding studies reported by Sirotkin et al (1970) and Sirotkin (1987) although the animals were either six months old or slightly younger. The latter value appears reasonable compared with the concentration ratio value (IAEA, in press), which can be estimated from Boyer et al (1981).…”