Trace elements and the thyroid

Zhou, Qing; Xue, Song; Zhang, Li; Chen, Guang

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.904889

Cited by 54 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Similarly limiting are the persistent nutritional availabilities of the two other essential trace elements, selenium and iron, both of which are required not only for biosynthesis of the iodine-containing TH by the gland but also for their systemic availability and action. Unlike iodine, which is ‘stockpiled’ for up to three months in the TG-containing colloid of the angiofollicular units of a healthy thyroid gland, both Se and Fe need to be constantly delivered via adequate balanced nutrition [ 13 , 56 , 113 , 114 ]. They are only retained in the human body in the form of Se- and Fe-containing proteins circulating in the blood or expressed as functional components, mainly as essential constituents of the cellular redox systems [ 115 , 116 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, our knowledge about thyroidal uptake, utilization and potential storage mechanisms for Se und Fe, and the interaction of such mechanisms with the thyroid utilization and homeostasis of the iodine system is lacking and thus purposeful basic and clinical research on these relevant interactions is urgently needed. Only limited experimental and clinical evidence for the need of a balanced supply of I and Fe on the one hand [ 12 , 52 , 113 , 114 , 117 ], and of I and Se on the other hand [ 43 , 113 , 118 , 119 ], has been reported. Thus, inadequate Fe status impairs the utilization of I, even if this element is sufficiently available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism

Köhrle

2023

IJMS

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The adequate availability and metabolism of three essential trace elements, iodine, selenium and iron, provide the basic requirements for the function and action of the thyroid hormone system in humans, vertebrate animals and their evolutionary precursors. Selenocysteine-containing proteins convey both cellular protection along with H2O2-dependent biosynthesis and the deiodinase-mediated (in-)activation of thyroid hormones, which is critical for their receptor-mediated mechanism of cellular action. Disbalances between the thyroidal content of these elements challenge the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid periphery axis, causing or facilitating common diseases related to disturbed thyroid hormone status such as autoimmune thyroid disease and metabolic disorders. Iodide is accumulated by the sodium-iodide-symporter NIS, and oxidized and incorporated into thyroglobulin by the hemoprotein thyroperoxidase, which requires local H2O2 as cofactor. The latter is generated by the dual oxidase system organized as ‘thyroxisome’ at the surface of the apical membrane facing the colloidal lumen of the thyroid follicles. Various selenoproteins expressed in thyrocytes defend the follicular structure and function against life-long exposure to H2O2 and reactive oxygen species derived therefrom. The pituitary hormone thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates all processes required for thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion and regulates thyrocyte growth, differentiation and function. Worldwide deficiencies of nutritional iodine, selenium and iron supply and the resulting endemic diseases are preventable with educational, societal and political measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism

Köhrle

2023

IJMS

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“…Zinc plays multiple important roles in the central nervous system as it impacts glutamatergic neurons and circuitry throughout the cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, regulates NMDA receptors and neuronal metabolism, and supports BDNF production and neuroplasticity [ 141 , 142 , 143 ]. Zinc impacts thyroid hormone activation [ 144 ], insulin action [ 138 ], leptin management [ 145 ], melatonin synthesis, gastrointestinal function and repair [ 146 , 147 ], and immune function [ 137 , 148 , 149 , 150 ].…”

Section: Question Five: What Is Your Preferred Source Of Zinc?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Assessment of the Symptomatic Patient on a Plant-Based Diet: Seven Key Questions

Plotnikoff¹,

Dobberstein²,

Raatz

2023

Nutrients

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Plant-based diets, both vegan and vegetarian, which emphasize grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and seeds are increasingly popular for health as well as financial, ethical, and religious reasons. The medical literature clearly demonstrates that whole food plant-based diets can be both nutritionally sufficient and medically beneficial. However, any person on an intentionally restrictive, but poorly-designed diet may predispose themselves to clinically-relevant nutritional deficiencies. For persons on a poorly-designed plant-based diet, deficiencies are possible in both macronutrients (protein, essential fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamin B12, iron, calcium, zinc, and vitamin D). Practitioner evaluation of symptomatic patients on a plant-based diet requires special consideration of seven key nutrient concerns for plant-based diets. This article translates these concerns into seven practical questions that all practitioners can introduce into their patient assessments and clinical reasoning. Ideally, persons on plant-based diets should be able to answer these seven questions. Each serves as a heuristic prompt for both clinician and patient attentiveness to a complete diet. As such, these seven questions support increased patient nutrition knowledge and practitioner capacity to counsel, refer, and appropriately focus clinical resources.

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“…For example (compare the following Table 2 of MAV diagnostics with Table 1 analysis of blood plasma): Nowadays, many laboratories offer services for the quantitative determination of the content of trace minerals in hair [42][43]. Studies of trace element composition are also analyzed in connection with diseases, for example, diseases of the thyroid gland [47]. More reliable data on the activity of the thyroid gland, for example, are measurements in the blood of two hormones -T4 and T3, which are formed in the cell using iodine [41] A total of 120 children were examined [1].…”

Section: Cobalt (Co)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of tools for automatic proof of mathematical logic theorems for modeling the dynamic balance of minerals in the human body

Kondratenko,

Slovianov

2023

Preprint

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Computer scientists build a logical framework for a particular subject or phenomenon. This methodology involves the use of axioms, which are self-evident statements that serve as the basis for a logical system. Axiomatic modelling begins by identifying the relevant concepts and objects that will be studied and then defining these concepts using axioms. These axioms are chosen based on their simplicity, consistency, and logical power, and are used to build a series of logical statements or theorems that describe the behaviour of the system being studied. This method allows researchers to build a clear and logical foundation for their work and allows them to prove the validity of their results through logical deduction. It is often used in mathematics and computer science, but can also be applied to other fields such as economics, physics, social science, biology and medicine. We proposed an extension of the method by incorporating knowledge about physiological processes in the human body by introducing biomedical parameters and logic and developed the novel method of Logical Dialectical Modelling (LDM). This original methodology uses, as tools, the logic of predicates of the 1st order and the Robinson method of automatic theorem proving. It prevents errors and simplifies the process of proving statements. The first time we applied LDM for the problem of providing the human body with the necessary dynamic balance of minerals. We analysed data [1,44,45] on the dependence of disease symptoms on the values of quantitative indicators of the concentration of minerals in the hair of children in the Chornobyl zone,LDM can provide a structured, logical approach to diagnostics that can help identify the root causes of problems and guide more effective treatment planning. LDM can be used together with artificial intelligence (AI) systems to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic processes. LDM is based on logical statements, they can be tested and refined using a rigorous, mathematical approach, which can help to increase the reliability and accuracy of the models. This can be useful for doctors in evaluating patients and making accurate diagnoses promptly. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the use of LDM through in medicine too.

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Trace elements and the thyroid

Cited by 54 publications

References 148 publications

Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism

Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism

Nutritional Assessment of the Symptomatic Patient on a Plant-Based Diet: Seven Key Questions

The use of tools for automatic proof of mathematical logic theorems for modeling the dynamic balance of minerals in the human body

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