Trace elements in parenteral micronutrition

Leung, F Y

doi:10.1016/0009-9120(95)02007-8

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In conclusion, the addition of zinc directly to an ORS may operate in several possible ways: a) by providing a readily absorbable form of zinc to zinc-depleted tissues, where zinc may also act as an antiinflammatory agent (27)(28)(29)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36); 2) by introducing antioxidant organometallic complexes (42,43,(45)(46)(47), capable of inducing MT synthesis in the enterocyte (48,49); or c) by scavenging NO diffusing out of the enterocyte, especially under conditions of increased NO synthesis, thus creating a NO gradient toward the intestinal lumen. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc as a Potential Enteroprotector in Oral Rehydration Solutions: Its Role in Nitric Oxide Metabolism

et al. 2003

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Zinc has been recognized as an antioxidant with potential for chronic and acute effects. Oxidative damage produced by free radicals, including nitric oxide (NO), is responsible for certain types of intestinal malabsorption syndromes and diarrhea. Under physiologic or mildly stimulatory conditions for NO synthesis, the small intestine characteristically is in a proabsorptive state; however, an excessive production of NO triggers formation of cyclic nucleotides, which cause secretion and malabsorption. In this study, we hypothesized that low-molecular-weight, soluble zinc chelates could modulate the effects of induced NO excess on the small intestine. In vitro experiments demonstrated that zinccitrate or zinc-histidine at Ն0.66 mM, as well as a known NO scavenger, 2-[carboxyphenyl]-4,4,4,4-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, at 2 M, were effective at removing chemically generated NO. In vivo jejunal perfusions, conducted in healthy rats under anesthesia, showed that c-PTIO reduced the proabsorptive effects produced by 1 mM L-arginine, the precursor of NO. In a standard oral rehydration solution, 1 mM zinc-citrate partially reversed the antiabsorptive effects on potassium caused by an excess of NO generated from 20 mM L-arginine but did not alter sodium or water absorption. The data are consistent with the view that soluble zinc compounds incorporated into an oral rehydration solution may deserve further attention as a means to scavenge NO with fluids used for the treatment of chronic or acute diarrhea, especially in malnourished children who are often zinc deficient. The importance of NO as a second messenger has become fully recognized in the last several years, especially in regard to endothelial tissue responses to endogenous stimuli (1). A reduction of NO synthesis from Arg in endothelia may lead to cell contraction, increased vascular protein leakage, and inflammation (2, 3). The latter may be linked to free radical formation. The severity of chronic ileitis has been associated with the extent of NO synthesis by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the intestine (4). This may play a role on the integrity of the mucosal barrier, compromised in that condition. Proinflammatory cytokines up-regulate iNOS, as experimentally shown in chemically induced colitis injury (5), after injection of IL-1␣ (6) and in cancer patients receiving IL-2 (7). Animal and human studies support the view that zinc has anti-inflammatory properties. In rats with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis, zinc sulfate enemas produced a decrease in the lesion area and in other markers of inflammation (8). In another context, zinc ions have been considered an important anti-inflammatory factor because they appear to block human rhinovirus docking on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on somatic cells, thus interrupting the inflammatory process (9). Experiments on rats injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation showed that endogenous zinc inhibited LPS or IL-1-induced NO formation, as well as reduced the act...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cu/Zn-SOD converts the superoxygen free radical · O 2 Ϫ to hydrogen peroxide, which is further decomposed by catalase into water and oxygen (42). In addition, zinc is considered an antioxidant because of its role as an intramolecular stabilizer, preventing oxidation of the thiol group of cysteine in proteins and the formation of disulfide bonds (43).…”

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confidence: 99%

Zinc as a Potential Enteroprotector in Oral Rehydration Solutions: Its Role in Nitric Oxide Metabolism

et al. 2003

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“…The ultimate fate of tellurium that passes into cells that do not immediately undergo apoptosis may be reduction and protein incorporation via metallothionein (Nordberg 1998), free-radical-scavenging enzymes (Leung 1998), or other cellular components that effect the redox potential in the cell (Gius et al 1999;Turner et al 1999). Some toxic metal and possibly some metalloids have been associated with the induction of metallothionein complexes that can act to inhibit cellular free radicals (Leung 1998), sequester metals/metalloids inside cells (Moore and Kaplan 1992), and act as a detoxification method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some toxic metal and possibly some metalloids have been associated with the induction of metallothionein complexes that can act to inhibit cellular free radicals (Leung 1998), sequester metals/metalloids inside cells (Moore and Kaplan 1992), and act as a detoxification method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytometric determination of novel organotellurium compound toxicity in a promyelocytic (HL-60) cell line

Sailer

Liles

Dickerson

et al. 2003

Archives of Toxicology

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The increasing use of tellurium compounds in organic synthesis, industrial applications, and as a possible component in pesticides means that its introduction into the environment will increase in the future. Therefore, knowledge of the relative toxicity and mode of toxic action of tellurium-containing compounds is important. The studies detailed here used three model compounds: diphenyl ditelluride, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ditelluride, and 4,4'-diisopropyldiphenyl ditelluride. Experiments with human promyelocytic (line HL-60) cells indicate that all of the organotellurium compounds induce an apoptotic form of cell death. The induction of apoptosis occurs in a time- and dose-dependent manner as assayed by three different analytical methods: fluorescence microscopy, gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were evident as early as 2 h following treatment with 1x10(-6) M concentrations of the compounds. Based on these results, future care should be afforded these compounds in laboratory as well as industrial settings.

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“…In parenteral nutrition, trace elements are usually administered in standard doses [43,44], irrespective of body weight or the rate of metabolism. The sup- ply of trace elements in PN is managed in two ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of copper and zinc supplementation in patients treated by nutrition therapy

Korczak¹,

Grabowska²,

Kozieł³

et al. 2016

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Trace elements in parenteral micronutrition

Cited by 74 publications

References 55 publications

Zinc as a Potential Enteroprotector in Oral Rehydration Solutions: Its Role in Nitric Oxide Metabolism

Zinc as a Potential Enteroprotector in Oral Rehydration Solutions: Its Role in Nitric Oxide Metabolism

Cytometric determination of novel organotellurium compound toxicity in a promyelocytic (HL-60) cell line

Effectiveness of copper and zinc supplementation in patients treated by nutrition therapy

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