Trace elements in size-segregated urban aerosol in relation to the anthropogenic emission sources and the resuspension

Đorđević, Dragana; Stortini, Angela Maria; Relić, Dubravka; Mihajlidi-Zelić, Aleksandra; Huremović, Jasna; Barbante, Carlo; Gambaro, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s11356-014-2998-1

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Motor vehicle emissions are the dominant sources of particulate matter (PM) in urban environments (e.g. Byčenkienė et al 2014;Callén et al 2013;Delhomme and Millet 2012;Đorđević et al 2014;Grigoratos et al 2014b;Lianou et al 2011;Mirante et al 2014;Samara et al 2014;Tan et al 2014). Numerous studies have linked vehicular exhaust particles to adverse health effects, including premature deaths (Hoek et al 2002;Tsai et al 2000), respiratory and cardiovascular problems (Gauderman et al 2007; Responsible editor: Constantini Samara Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4394-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in exhaust particles emitted by light-duty vehicles

Alves

Barbosa

Rocha

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) emitted by eight different light-duty vehicles. Exhaust samples from petrol and diesel cars (Euro 3 to Euro 5) were collected in a chassis dynamometer facility. To simulate the real-world driving conditions, three ARTEMIS cycles were followed: road, to simulate a fluid traffic flow and urban with hot and cold starts, to simulate driving conditions in cities. Samples were analysed for the water-soluble ions, for the elemental composition and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), respectively, by ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nitrate and phosphate were the major water-soluble ions in the exhaust particles emitted from diesel and petrol vehicles, respectively. The amount of material emitted is affected by the vehicle age. For vehicles ≥Euro 4, most elements were below the detection limits. Sodium, with emission factors in the ranges 23.5-62.4 and 78.2-227μg km(-1), for petrol and diesel Euro 3 vehicles, respectively, was the major element. The emission factors of metallic elements indicated that diesel vehicles release three to five times more than petrol automobiles. Element emissions under urban cycles are higher than those found for on-road driving, being three or four times higher, for petrol vehicles, and two or three times, for diesel vehicles. The difference between cycles is mainly due to the high emissions for the urban cycle with hot start-up. As registered for elements, most of the PAH emissions for vehicles ≥Euro 4 were also below the detection limits. Regardless of the vehicle models or driving cycles, the two- to four-ring PAHs were always dominant. Naphthalene, with emission factors up to 925 μg km(-1), was always the most abundant PAH. The relative cancer risk associated with naphthalene was estimated to be up to several orders of magnitude higher than any of the chemical species found in the PM phase. The highest PAH emission factors were registered for diesel-powered vehicles. The condition of the vehicle can exert a decisive influence on both element and PAH emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in exhaust particles emitted by light-duty vehicles

Alves

Barbosa

Rocha

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…4), относятся к литофильным элементам [1] . Однако Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni и Cu в соста ве этой группы чаще имеют антропогенное про исхождение [16] . Содержание элементов, относя щихся ко второй группе (см .…”

Section: результаты исследования и их обсуждениеunclassified

Chemical composition of aerosol in the atmospheric surface layer of the East Antarctica coastal zone

et al. 2016

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Chemical composition of aerosol in the ground layer of the coastal zone in East Antarctica is analyzed in the article. The aerosol samples were taken in 2006–2015 during seasonal works of the Russian Antarctic Expeditions (RAE), namely, these were 52nd–53rd, 55th, and 58th–60th expeditions. Samples were taken in the 200‑km band of the sea-shore zone along routes of the research vessels (REV) «Akademik Fedorov» and «Akademik Treshnikov» as well as on territories of the Russian stations Molodezhnaya and Mirny. Although the results obtained did show the wide range of the aerosol concentrations and a certain variability of their chemical composition, some common features of the variability were revealed. Thus, during the period from 2006 to 2014 a decrease of average values of the sums were noted. Spatially, a tendency of decreasing of the ion concentrations was found in the direction from the station Novolazarevskaya to the Molodezhnaya one, but the concentrations increased from the Molodezhnaya to the station Mirny. The sum of ions of the aerosol in the above mentioned coastal zone was, on the average, equal to 2.44 μg/m3, and it was larger than that on the territory of the Antarctic stations Molodezhnaya (0,29 μg/m3) and Mirny (0,50 ág / m3). The main part to the sum of the aerosol ions on the Antarctic stations was contributed by Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO4 2−. The main ions in aerosol composition in the coastal zone are ions Na+ and Cl−. The dominant contribution of the sea salt and SO4 2− can be traced in not only the composition of atmospheric aerosols, but also in the chemical composition of the fresh snow in the coastal areas of East Antarctica: at the Indian station Maitri, on the Larsemann Hills, and in a boring located in 55.3 km from the station Progress (K = 1.4÷6.1). It was noted that values of the coefficient of enrichment K of these ions decreases as someone moves from a shore to inland. Estimation of contributions of the continental and maritime factors to formation of the aerosol chemical composition revealed higher enrichment ratios for K+, Ca2+, SO4 2− (K = 3.6÷13.0). This reflects not only influence of the natural sources, but the intensity of human activities on the Antarctic continent as well. The elemental composition of solid aerosols was also analyzed. The largest concentrations were determined for Zn, Al and Fe. The ratio of concentration of the elements in both the soluble and insoluble phases of the aerosol showed that 84.1% of the total amount of the elements was contained in a water-insoluble state. Fractional relation between the element concentrations changed in different phases from 16 to 98%. High enrichment of the aerosol particles by Zn, Cu, Cr, Ba, Pb, Ni,Se, As, Cd (the enrichment factors = 27÷26 445) had been revealed. The content of dominant chemical components (Na+, Cl−, Zn, Fe), factors and coefficients of the element enrichment in the aerosols as well as in fresh snow of the coastal zone of East Antarctica are indicative of the identity of sources where their composition is formed.

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“…The accuracy and precision of the method was controlled using the standard reference material (Urban Particulate Matter NIST®1684a) (Stortini et al 2009;Đorđević et al 2014).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass distributions and morphological and chemical characterization of urban aerosols in the continental Balkan area (Belgrade)

Đorđević

Buha

Stortini

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Trace elements in size-segregated urban aerosol in relation to the anthropogenic emission sources and the resuspension

Abstract: Size segregated particulate samples of atmospheric aerosols in urban site of continental part of Balkans were collected during 6 months in 2008. Six stages impactor in the size ranges: Dp≤0.49 μm, 0.49

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in exhaust particles emitted by light-duty vehicles

Elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in exhaust particles emitted by light-duty vehicles

Chemical composition of aerosol in the atmospheric surface layer of the East Antarctica coastal zone

Mass distributions and morphological and chemical characterization of urban aerosols in the continental Balkan area (Belgrade)

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