Trace-fossil model for reconstructing oxygenation histories of ancient marine bottom waters: Application to upper cretaceous niobrara formation, Colorado

Savrda, Charles E.; Bottjer, David J.

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(89)90019-9

Cited by 162 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The dark layers are generally 5 to 30 cm thick and faintly laminated to weakly bioturbated, mostly by Chondrites-like burrows, whereas the light layers are 30 to 100 cm thick and moderately to heavily bioturbated by various types of horizontal and oblique burrows with a larger diameter (PL 2). The pattern of vertical change in the type and size of the burrows and intensity of the bioturbation is similar to that described by Savrda andBottjer (1986, 1989) and should represent change in the bottom-water oxygenation level. The organic carbon content is high in the dark layers of Unit 3, especially at Sites 794 and 797 where it reaches as much as 6 to 8 wt%.…”

Section: Unit 3: Dark-light Diatomaceous or Siliceous Silty Clay And supporting

confidence: 69%

Lithostratigraphy and Compositional Variation of Neogene Hemipelagic Sediments in the Japan Sea

Tada¹,

Iijima²

1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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The lithostratigraphy of Neogene hemipelagic sediments recovered from the Japan Sea during Leg 127 was revised to improve intersite consistency and to remove confusion stemming from diagenetic modification of the lithology through the opal-A to opal-CT transformation. Special emphasis was put on the presence and nature of dark-light cycles in revising the lithostratigraphy.Mineral composition analysis was conducted for samples from Sites 794, 795, and 797. In addition, major element chemical composition analysis was conducted for these same sample sets from Site 794. The result of mineral composition analysis suggests that the detrital component, which consists of such minerals as quartz, plagioclase, illite, and kaolinite plus chlorite, is diluted to various degrees by biogenic silica (opal-A) and its diagenetic equivalents (opal-CT and quartz). Smectite, on the other hand, may be a diagenetic or hydrothermal alteration product of volcanic material, although more study is necessary to confirm its origin.As a whole, vertical variation in the sediment composition is consistent with the revised lithostratigraphy and helps to characterize the redefined lithologic units quantitatively.

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Section: Unit 3: Dark-light Diatomaceous or Siliceous Silty Clay And supporting

confidence: 69%

Lithostratigraphy and Compositional Variation of Neogene Hemipelagic Sediments in the Japan Sea

Tada¹,

Iijima²

1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…In the majority of Phanerozoic and modern settings, the upper portion of the marine sedimentary column is processed by aerobic activities, most notably by metazoan bioturbation (the so-called 'mixed layer'; sensu Savrda & Bottjer, 1989;Bromley, 1996;Droser et al, 2002a;Droser et al, 2004). These processes lead to increased rates of diffusion, processes of vertical and lateral particle mixing and to the flushing of open burrows by bottom waters, known as bioirrigation (e.g.…”

Section: The Role Of the Sediment Mixed Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable preservation of microbial mats in Neoproterozoic siliciclastic settings: Implications for Ediacaran taphonomic models

Callow

Brasier

2009

Earth-Science Reviews

126

101

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It is beyond doubt that the appearance of infaunal bioturbation and metazoan biomineralization across the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition irreversibly affected the nature of marine sediment architecture and biogeochemistry. Here we review those changes in relation to their likely effect upon the processes of fossil preservation, especially within siliciclastic sediments. Processes of soft-tissue preservation in siliciclastic settings from the Ediacaran Period, including microbes and microbial mats as well as Ediacaran macrofossils, are here reviewed within this context. Highlighted examples include the exceptional preservation of microbes found in association with wrinkle structures and Ediacaran macrofossils in England and Newfoundland (replicated by silicate minerals) and in the White Sea region of Russia (replicated by iron sulphide). These occurrences show that soft-tissue preservation in siliciclastic settings went well beyond that typical for Ediacaran macrofossils alone and also extended to similar modes of preservation in associated microbes. Using these new observations it can be argued that several existing explanations for Ediacaran fossil preservation can be united within a biogeochemical model that involves evolution of the sediment Mixed Layer across this transition.

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“…Palaeophycus, in ter preted as an open dwell ing bur row of a polychaete (Pember ton and Frey, 1982;Pem ber ton et al, 2001), and Protovirgularia, rep re sent ing the crawl ing traces of bi valves (Seilacher and Seilacher, 1994), re quire well-ox y gen ated condi tions, whereas deep-feed ing Chondrites tol er ates low ox y gen lev els, bur row ing shal lowly in an ox y gen-lim ited sub strate and to deeper lev els un der well-ox y gen ated bot tom wa ter con ditions (Bromley and Ekdale, 1984;McBride and Picard, 1991). Such a dis tri bu tion of trace fos sils dis plays trends con sis tent with the ox y gen-re lated trace fos sil model of Savrda and Bottjer (1989), sug gest ing that vari abil ity of ichnofabric re flects fluc tu ation of bot tom sed i ment ox y gen a tion. Ac cord ing to this model, the de crease of di ver sity and pen e tra tion depth of bur rows reflects de creas ing ox y gen con tent, lead ing to pro gres sive elim ina tion of shal lower tiers.…”

Section: Bottom Oxygenationmentioning

confidence: 62%

The significance of mudstone fabric combined with palaeoecological evidence in determining sedimentary processes – an example from the Middle Jurassic of southern Poland

Leonowicz

2013

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Anal y sis of the fab ric of lam i nated black mudstones of the Ore-Bear ing Czêstochowa Clay For ma tion (Bathonian, south ern Po land) is used for re con struc tion of sed i men tary pro cesses and con di tions. Small-scale sed i men tary fea tures in di cate that ore-bear ing clays were de pos ited be low storm-wave base in a shal low epicontinental sea, but struc tures re flect ing quiet settling from sus pen sion are not com mon. Most of rec og nized lamina types re cord the ac tiv ity of bot tom cur rents gen er ated by storms. The ben thic fau nal as so ci a tion in di cates that suboxic con di tions pre vailed on the sea-floor, re strict ing infaunal ac tivity to cryptobioturbation. Re cur rent short-lived reoxygenetion events, linked prob a bly to storms, re sulted in the de vel op ment of dysoxic con di tions, re corded by a more di verse trace fos sil as so ci a tion (con sist ing of Chondrites, Trichichnus, pyritized bur rows, Palaeophycus and Protovirgularia) and col o ni za tion of the sea-floor by epifaunal bi valves (Bositra). Truly anoxic con di tions might have been briefly es tab lished, lead ing to mass mor tal ity of Bositra.Key words: black mudstones, par al lel lam i na tion, storm de pos its, ichnofabric, bot tom ox y gen a tion, Ore-Bear ing Czêstochowa Clay For ma tion. INTRODUCTIONMid dle Ju ras sic black mudstones in south ern Po land, referred to as the Ore-Bear ing Czêstochowa Clay For ma tion, have re cently re ceived in creas ing in ter est as re gards their palaeo ec ol ogy. The sed i men tary en vi ron ment of these dark, or ganic-rich rocks that are for the most part strongly bioturbated and rich in di verse ben thic fauna still in spires study. In con trast to the grow ing vol ume of lit er a ture on this de posit (for sum mary see Zatoñ, 2011), sedimentological stud ies re main scarce (Merta and Drewniak, 1998; Gedl et al. 2006a, b, c;Leonowicz, 2012) and un der stand ing of the sed i men tary processes, which largely de ter mined bot tom con di tions, has been poor. This study in te grates microstructural and ichnofabric anal y sis in re con struct ing sed i men tary pro cesses, en vi ron mental en ergy and palaeo ec ol ogy of the sea-floor. It fo cuses on lam i nated mudstones of the Ore-Bear ing Czêstochowa Clay For ma tion, crop ping out in the cen tral part of the Silesian-Cracow Up land in south ern Po land (Fig. 1).The Ore-Bear ing Czêstochowa Clay For ma tion is composed of dark grey, or ganic-rich, cal car e ous mudstone with sev eral ho ri zons of sid er ite and cal car e ous con cre tions, clayey sid er ite bands and sub or di nate in ter ca la tions of sand stone (Dayczak-Calikowska and Kopik, 1973). The greater part is strongly bioturbated and rich in di verse ben thic fos sils; lam inated, sparsely fossiliferous mudstones are much less common. Geo chem i cal and pet ro graph i cal stud ies point to de po sition on a well-ox y gen ated sea-floor with si mul ta neously dysoxic or even anoxic con di tions pre vail ing within the sed i ment (Marynowski et al., 2007...

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Trace-fossil model for reconstructing oxygenation histories of ancient marine bottom waters: Application to upper cretaceous niobrara formation, Colorado

Cited by 162 publications

References 28 publications

Lithostratigraphy and Compositional Variation of Neogene Hemipelagic Sediments in the Japan Sea

Lithostratigraphy and Compositional Variation of Neogene Hemipelagic Sediments in the Japan Sea

Remarkable preservation of microbial mats in Neoproterozoic siliciclastic settings: Implications for Ediacaran taphonomic models

The significance of mudstone fabric combined with palaeoecological evidence in determining sedimentary processes – an example from the Middle Jurassic of southern Poland

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