Trace-level determination of pyrethroid, neonicotinoid and carboxamide pesticides in beeswax using dispersive solid-phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

International audienceThe aim of the work was to develop an analytical procedure able to quantify traces of 13 neonicotinoids and pyrethroids as well as carboxamide in beeswax at low levels (ng g(-1)) to evaluate the contamination. For this purpose, an efficient sample preparation procedure was developed based on solid-liquid extraction using dispersive diatomaceous earth and acetonitrile. This step was followed by a selective and sensitive analysis based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). This analytical procedure was validated based on International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The limits of quantification ranged from 1ngg(-1) (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and boscalid) to 40ngg(-1) (lambda-cyhalothrin). The method was then successfully applied to 60 samples of beeswax collected in several areas of France. The presence of thiacloprid, boscalid, imidacloprid and deltamethrin in beeswax was confirmed. The most frequently quantified pesticide was boscalid

Standard methods forApis melliferabeeswax research

“…Kinetex Phenyl-Hexyl column (2.6 mm, 2.1 x 100 mm) (Jabot et al, 2015) as it displays a higher affinity for aromatic and moderately polar analytes, and RP-Amide Ascentis Express column (2.7 mm, 2.1 x 100 mm) (Porrini et al, 2016) that provides enhanced selectivity for samples containing acidic and basic compounds that can act as a hydrogen-bond donor, have also been used.…”

“…Column oven temperatures settings were quite variable depending on the research study, ranging from 25 to 60 C. In detail, 25 C (Y añez et al, 2014), 30 C (Herrera L opez et al, 2016), 35 C (Y añez et al, 2013, 40 C (Pirard et al, 2007;Porrini et al, 2016), and 60 C (Jabot et al, 2015) were the different temperatures used. Chromatographic mobile phases consisted of an acidified aqueous solution (mobile phase A) and an organic phase (mobile phase B) as acetonitrile or methanol, acidified or not.…”

“…Furthermore, comb mediates pheromonal cues for cell capping, repairs and queen cell construction, nectar forage, colony defence and colony odour (Hepburn, 1998). It has an important role in thermoregulation and colony waste management, and serves as a humidity buffer in honey bee nests (Ellis, Nicolson, Crewe, & Dietemann, 2010;Jay, 1964). Mechanically, the comb transmits vibrational signals during the waggle dance (Kirchner, 1993;Michelsen, Kirchner, Andersen, & Lindauer, 1986;Sandeman, Tautz, & Lindauer, 1996), and recruitment of new foragers (Tautz, 1996;Tautz, Casas, & Sandeman, 2001;Tautz & Lindauer, 1997).…”

Health risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in pistachio using a QuEChERS‐based method in combination with HPLC‐UV

“…The main methods developed for the determination of these compounds and several residue analyses of neonicotinoids are based on HPLC–MS (Di Muccio et al, ; Faraji, Noorbakhsh, Shafieyan, & Ramezani, ; Jabot et al, ) and HPLC–diode‐array detection (Delgado‐Zamarreño, Fernández‐Prieto, Bustamante‐Rangel, & Pérez‐Martín, ; Falqui‐Cao, Wang, Urruty, Pommier, & Montury, ; Singh, Foster, & Khan, ) techniques. In this regard, Faraji et al .…”

“…The main methods developed for the determination of these compounds and several residue analyses of neonicotinoids are based on HPLC-MS (Di Muccio et al, 2006;Faraji, Noorbakhsh, Shafieyan, & Ramezani, 2018;Jabot et al, 2015) and HPLC-diode-array detection (Delgado-Zamarreño, Fernández-Prieto, Bustamante-Rangel, & Pérez-Martín, 2016;Falqui-Cao, Wang, Urruty, Pommier, & Montury, 2001;Singh, Foster, & Khan, 2004) techniques. In this regard, Faraji et al (2018) introduced a new methodology for extraction of these compounds based on a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach with the detection of compounds accomplished using an MS method.…”