Trace levels of tris(4-chlorophenyl)-methanol and -methane in human milk

Rahman, Mohammad Saifur; Montanarella, Luca; Johansson, B.; Larsen, B.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90243-x

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hepatic concentrations of TCPMOH in bottlenose dolphins and Atlantic spotted dolphins from the Atlantic coast of Florida were greater than those in the blubber of aquatic mammals from Hong Kong, Japan, Lake Baikal in eastern Siberia, Russia, and the northern Caspian Sea in Russia and comparable to those from the North Sea and the Wadden Sea (Table 2) [14,15,26,27]. Although very little information is available on TCPMe concentrations in the environment, concentrations found in bottlenose dolphins from Florida coast were 10‐ to 100‐fold greater than those found in aquatic mammals from other regions [28,29] (Table 2). These results suggest the existence of potential sources of TCPMe and TCPMOH along the Atlantic coast of Florida.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methane, and tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methanol in livers of small cetaceans stranded along Florida coastal waters, USA

Watanabe

Kannan

Takahashi

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides were determined in the livers of bottlenose dolphins, Atlantic spotted dolphins, and pygmy sperm whales found stranded along the coastal waters of Florida, USA, during 1989 to 1994. The PCBs were the most predominant contaminants followed in order by DDTs, chlordanes, tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methane (TCPMe), tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), hexachlorobenzene, and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers. Among the cetaceans analyzed, organochlorine concentrations were greatest in bottlenose dolphins followed by Atlantic spotted dolphins and pygmy sperm whales. Hexa‐ and heptachlorobiphenyls were the predominant PCB congeners found in the livers of dolphins. Patterns of relative concentrations of PCB congeners varied among individual bottlenose dolphins. A few individuals contained predominant concentrations of octa‐ (CB‐199, 196/201) and nonachlorobiphenyl (CB‐206, 208) congeners, which suggested exposure to the highly chlorinated PCB formulation, Aroclor® 1268, a contaminant at a coastal site in Georgia bordering northern Florida. The estimated 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs) of coplanar PCBs in bottlenose dolphins were 170 to 18,000 pg/g, lipid weight (mean: 5,400 pg/g) with mono‐ortho congeners 118, 105, and 156 contributing more than 80% of the TEQs. The ratios of CB‐169 to CB‐126 in cetacean livers were linearly related to total PCB concentrations, which suggested a strong induction of microsomal monooxygenase enzymes in the liver. The hepatic concentrations of TCPMe and TCPMOH in bottlenose dolphins and Atlantic spotted dolphins were greater than those in the blubber of marine mammals of various regions, which suggested the presence of sources for these chemicals along the Atlantic coast of Florida.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methane, and tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methanol in livers of small cetaceans stranded along Florida coastal waters, USA

Watanabe

Kannan

Takahashi

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Human data on TCPM exposure are rare, and the available data implies that TCPM concentrations in humans were lower than in marine mammals. TCPM was found in mother's milk of Italian women up to 1.6–2.5 μ g kg −1 (Rahman et al. , 1993), suggesting that the human population in Europe is exposed to moderate levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 1993), suggesting that the human population in Europe is exposed to moderate levels. The study by Rahman et al. (1993) lacked analytic standards, and TCPM concentrations were only estimated based on the chromatographic response of 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexachlorobiphenyl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol, non-ortho PCB 77 and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane on human sperm function in vitro

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, there has been growing concern that environmental pollutants in general, and organochlorines in particular, adversely affect male fertility. Therefore, we investigated the effects of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPM), non-ortho PCB 77 and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH, lindane) on human sperm functions in vitro. Human spermatozoa from healthy donors were washed in human tubular fluid medium containing 1% human serum albumin, filtered through glass wool and exposed to different concentrations of TCPM, PCB 77 or gamma-HCH. After incubation for 5 h at 37 degrees C and 5% CO(2), sperm vitality and the percentage of living acrosome-reacted spermatozoa were examined using triple stain technique. Total sperm motility was evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis (Stroemberg-Mika) after 5 h. For TCPM, total motility was additionally measured after 18 and 40 h. Different concentrations of PCB 77 and gamma-HCH did not alter the percentage of spontaneous living acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, vitality and total motility. TCPM dose-dependently altered sperm motility, vitality and acrosome reaction. The percentage of living acrosome-reacted spermatozoa was increased at overtly toxic concentrations. Therefore, it is suggested that unspecific acrosomal loss has been induced by degenerative processes. In conclusion, even high concentrations of PCB 77 and gamma-HCH did not affect human sperm functions in vitro. Only very high cytotoxic TCPM concentrations modulated spontaneous acrosome reaction and total motility. Therefore, in vivo effects on human sperm function seem to be unlikely. However, individual susceptibility has to be considered and little is known about additive and possible synergistic effects as other environmental pollutants with similar potencies have been found in the human male and female reproductive tract.

show abstract

“…From this fact, it can be speculated that 2,4'-DDT is less resistant to metabolism than 4,4'-DDT and may explain why2,4'-DDTis less abundant in biologicalsamples, particularily in warm-blooded organisms, than expected from its presence in technical DDT. In fact, the likely presence of a second, earlier-eluting TCPM (and TCPM-OH) isomer has now been reported in fish but not in seal and in human milk (4). However, 2,4'-DDT has been detected at sigmficant levels in fish (16,17) and these may be the species where other TCPM isomers might be expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Just a few years ago, a new compound, tris(4-chloropheny1)methanol (4,4',4"-TCPM-OH) (see Chart 11, was detected (1). Both compounds have now also been detected in human milk (4). Since then, 4,4',4"-TCPM-OH and its presumed precursor tris(4-dhloropheny1)methane (4,4',4"-TCPM; see Chart 1) were detectedin ringed seals from the Baltic Sea (2) and in sea birds and sea mammals throughout North America and elsewhere in both the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DDT, A Potential Source of Environmental Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane and Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol

Buser¹

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trace levels of tris(4-chlorophenyl)-methanol and -methane in human milk

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methane, and tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methanol in livers of small cetaceans stranded along Florida coastal waters, USA

Polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methane, and tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methanol in livers of small cetaceans stranded along Florida coastal waters, USA

Influence of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol, non-ortho PCB 77 and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane on human sperm function in vitro

DDT, A Potential Source of Environmental Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane and Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About