Trace metal elements: a bridge between host and intestinal microorganisms

Trace elements in nutrition and health: a deep dive into essentiality and mechanism of their biological roles

“…Nutritional immunity associated with trace elements is a critical aspect of this dynamic. Trace elements play vital roles in the function and differentiation of immune cells, and most immune activation processes affect the metabolism of trace elements (Ma et al, 2023). Concentrations of metals in macrophages and neutrophils contribute to regulating the homeostasis between the gut microbiota and the host.…”