Trace metal levels in edible wild fungi

Abstract

Metal levels (cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc) of seventeen different edible wild fungi species (Agaricus campestris, Calocybe gambosa, Coprinus comatus, Hericium coralloides, Hydnum repandum, H. repandum var. rufescens, Lactarius deliciosus, L. salminocolor, Macrolepiota procera, Pleurotus ostreatus, P. ostreatus var. columbinus, Ramaria aurea, R. stricta, Rhizopogon luteolus, Sparassis crispa, Suillus bovinus, Tricholoma terreum) growing in Bolu-Turkey were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrocopy. The obtained data were analyzed with ''statistical package for the social sciences'' statistics program. In addition, relation between metal concentrations in both soil and fungi samples were investigated. The highest metal concentrations in Bolu District, Turkey were measured in A. campestris (cadmium 0.270, chromium 2.735 and zinc 7.683), C. comatus (iron 160.12), M. procera (copper 15.990, cobalt 0.352 and nickel 3.645), R. luteolus (Pb 4.756) mg/kg dw (dry weight). As a result of the measurements, it was observed that metal uptake is related with the species of fungi and is also affected by pH and organic contents of the soil.

Elemental profile of edible mushrooms from a forest near a major Romanian city

“…Magnesium was not correlated with these elements, but it had rho values between 0.41 and 0.53 with transitional metals such as Ag, Cd, Cu, and Fe. An interesting finding was the significant inverse correlation of sulphur with Ca, Ba, Sr, and Mn, and stronger positive correlation with Ag, Cd, Zn, and P. We also found significant correlations between other pairs of elements such as Fe-Mn, Fe-Cr, Fe-Na, K-Na, K-Al, Fe-Al, Cd-Zn, Cd-Ag, and Cu-Mg. Other studies on mushrooms found the same correlations between elements [4,29]. In order to assess the contribution of some heavy metals to the health risk of mushroom consumption, we calculated the hazard quotients.…”

“…For example, Macrolepiota procera accumulates mainly copper, but it can contain high amounts of Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, even Cd [2][3][4][5]; Chantarellus cibarius shows preference for Mn, Fe [6]; Boletus edulis is known for its high content of Se, Ag, Mn, and Zn [2,5,7] and Armillariella mellea for iron [2,8]. There are also some species, which are known for their low mineral content (Lactarius spp., Russula spp., Hypholoma fasciculare, Hydnum repandum) [2,4,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. Relying on several studies, a review paper highlighted the uneven distribution of the elements in the fruiting body of the mushrooms: the highest concentrations of metals can be found in the sporophore, followed by the other parts of the cap.…”

Determination of Nutritional and Bioactive Properties in Some Selected Wild Growing and Cultivated Mushrooms From Turkey

“…4). Metal concentrations strongly depend on mushroom species [Severoglu et al 2013]. Some mushrooms are able to accumulate high concentrations of toxic elements much more effectively than others [Lavola et al 2011].…”

Cadmium in edible mushrooms from NW Spain: Bioconcentration factors and consumer health implications

“…Thus, the elements tend to bioaccumulate, and the fruiting bodies, mainly of ectomycorrhizal macrofungi, can contain extremely high levels of heavy metals. Cadmium is intensively accumulated by fungi, and relatively high copper and zinc concentrations (bioaccumulation values higher than 1) in certain species of wild growing species of fungi are also reported (Alonso et al, 2003;Sarikurkcu et al, 2011;Severoglu et al, 2013;Venturella et al, 2014;Vinichuk, 2013). Mycelium accumulates Cd and fruiting bodies may contain much higher cadmium content than most plants.…”