Trace organic contaminants in field-scale cultivated alfalfa, soil, and pore water after 10 years of irrigation with reclaimed wastewater

Sharma, Priyamvada; Poustie, Andrew; Verburg, Paul; Pagilla, Krishna; Yang, Yu; Hanigan, David

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140698

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Therefore, in addition to the parent form of CECs, transformation products (TPs) are also often present in treated wastewater and biosolids, sometimes at even higher concentrations ( Rüdel et al, 2013 ). Treated wastewater and biosolids have been increasingly applied to agricultural lands in recent years in beneficial reuse practices, which serves as a conduit for plants to be contaminated with CECs and their TPs, posing potential human health and ecological risks ( Fu et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2022 ; Shahriar et al, 2021 ; Sharma et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of methylation and demethylation on plant uptake of emerging contaminants

Xiong

Shi²,

Sy³

et al. 2022

Environment International

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of methylation and demethylation on plant uptake of emerging contaminants

Xiong

Shi²,

Sy³

et al. 2022

Environment International

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“…Plants can accumulate, assimilate, and transform various man-made chemicals, serving as a significant pathway for nontarget exposure, including human exposure. − Studies have shown that, following uptake, plants can extensively metabolize many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). − In addition to the potential biological activities of plant-origin metabolites, the uncertainties surrounding the types and levels are of significant concern when human health risks of CECs in the soil–plant–human continuum are estimated . The consideration of only parent compounds could lead to an underestimation of the plant accumulation of CECs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugation of Di-n-butyl Phthalate Metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana and Potential Deconjugation in Human Microsomes

Cheng

Sun

Sidhu

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Plasticizers, due to the widespread use of plastics, occur ubiquitously in the environment. The reuse of waste resources (e.g., treated wastewater, biosolids, animal waste) and other practices (e.g., plastic mulching) introduce phthalates into agroecosystems. As a detoxification mechanism, plants are known to convert phthalates to polar monophthalates after uptake, which are followed by further transformations, including conjugation with endogenous biomolecules. The objective of this study was 2-fold: to obtain a complete metabolic picture of the widely used di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) by using a suite of complementary techniques, including stable isotope labeling, 14C tracing, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and to determine if conjugates are deconjugated in human microsomes to release bioactive metabolites. In Arabidopsis thaliana cells, the primary initial metabolite of DnBP was mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and MnBP was rapidly metabolized via hydroxylation, carboxylation, glycosylation, and malonylation to seven transformation products. One of the conjugates, MnBP-acyl-β-d-glucoside (MnBP-Glu), was incubated in human liver (HLM) and intestinal (HIM) microsomes and was found to undergo rapid transformations. Approximately 15% and 10% of MnBP-Glu were deconjugated to the free form MnBP in HIM and HLM, respectively. These findings highlight that phthalates, as diesters, are susceptible to hydrolysis to form monoesters that can be readily conjugated via a phase II metabolism in plants. Conjugates may be deconjugated to release bioactive compounds after human ingestion. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the dietary exposure of phthalates and other contaminants must consider plant metabolites, especially including conjugates, to better predict their potential environmental and human health risks.

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“…Eight pharmaceuticals representing a wide range of log K ow from −0.79 to 4.19 were selected to be analyzed via LC‐MS/MS to confirm HPLC‐UV results and further optimize the extraction method (i.e., caffeine, carbamazepine, diphenhydramine, fluoxetine, meprobamate, primidone, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim). These pharmaceuticals were chosen because again we had existing in‐house LC‐MS/MS methods in place (Sharma et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass spectrometry was performed on Thermo Scientific TSQ Vantage. Pharmaceuticals were analyzed using the method similar to that of Sharma et al (2020). Details of the method and optimized LC‐ESI‐MS/MS parameters are provided in Tables .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmaceuticals have received global attention because of their persistence in aquatic environments and deleterious effects on aquatic life (Brausch & Rand, 2011; Gogoi et al, 2018; Yang et al, 2017). Pharmaceuticals are poorly removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants (Roback et al, 2018; Sharma et al, 2020; Zupanc et al, 2013) resulting in their occurrence in groundwater, lakes, foodstuff, and even in drinking water at concentrations from low ng/L to µg/L (Boyd et al, 2003; Ebele et al, 2017; Gogoi et al, 2018; Kolpin et al, 2002; McEachran et al, 2016; Poustie et al, 2020; Sharma et al, 2020; Yang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of pharmaceuticals in the sealant fluids of actively used waterless urinals

Thapa

Sharma

Hanigan

2021

Water Environment Research

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Prior measurements at bench scale revealed that waterless urinal cartridges containing oily sealant fluids are capable of partitioning pharmaceuticals from urine and therefore reducing their concentration in wastewater. We sought to measure pharmaceutical removal from in‐use waterless urinals. We developed a method to quantify pharmaceuticals in the sealant phase, which resulted in 79 ± 30% and 71 ± 30% recovery of eight pharmaceuticals from two sealant fluids, respectively. The method was applied to sealant samples collected over three weeks from in‐use waterless urinals on a university campus. Six of eight pharmaceuticals were present in the sealant samples from 1.4 µg/L to 241 µg/L. Loads of the six pharmaceuticals detected in the sealants were removed from the receiving wastewater from 0.02 µg/day to 3.4 µg/day across the sampling period. The concentration of the pharmaceuticals were similar over time, indicating rapid saturation and washout of the sealant. We also observed relatively rapid loss of sealant at maintenance intervals consistent with the manufacturer's instructions. These findings indicate that while waterless urinals do remove some pharmaceuticals from the wastewater stream, meaningful changes to wastewater concentrations will only result if the sealant fluid and/or the urinal cartridge are significantly modified. Practitioner points We developed a quantification method for pharmaceuticals in oily waterless urinal sealants. Pharmaceuticals were present at relatively low concentrations in the sealant phase of two in‐use waterless urinals. We identify engineering challenges that must be overcome to meaningfully reduce pharmaceutical loads in wastewater with waterless urinals.

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Trace organic contaminants in field-scale cultivated alfalfa, soil, and pore water after 10 years of irrigation with reclaimed wastewater

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Influence of methylation and demethylation on plant uptake of emerging contaminants

Influence of methylation and demethylation on plant uptake of emerging contaminants

Conjugation of Di-n-butyl Phthalate Metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana and Potential Deconjugation in Human Microsomes

Quantification of pharmaceuticals in the sealant fluids of actively used waterless urinals

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