Trace Survey of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami in the North of Miyagi Prefecture and Numerical Simulation of Bidirectional Tsunamis in Utatsusaki Peninsula

Kakinuma, Taro; Tsujimoto, Gozo; Yasuda, Tomohiro; Tamada, Takashi

doi:10.1142/s0578563412500076

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Contributions of experts from many universities in Japan for tsunami field survey were conducted in Tohoku region including Miyagi prefecture [Mori et al, 2012;Kakinuma et al, 2012;Mikami et al, 2012;Yalciner et al, 2012]. In this paper, tsunami field surveys were conducted in 10 locations (from Onagawa town to Yamamoto town) in Miyagi prefecture and 1 location in Fukushima prefecture (Fig.…”

Section: Tsunami Damage Field Survey and Expected Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Damage Characteristic and Field Survey of the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in Miyagi Prefecture

Suppasri

Koshimura

Imai

et al. 2012

Coastal Engineering Journal

127

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On March 11th, 2011, the Pacific coast of Japan was hit by a tsunami generated by the largest earthquake (M9.0) in the history of the country and causing a wide range of devastating damage. Using preliminary reported data from many sources, some topics such as tsunami fatality ratio and tsunami fragility curves for structural damage are discussed and compared with other countries. This paper aims to discuss the damage characteristics of this tsunami as well as its mechanism, as observed through field surveys conducted over the 4 months following the tsunami. The field survey covers 13 areas in the Miyagi prefecture from Kesennuma city in the northernmost region to Yamamoto town in the southernmost region. The arrival time of the first tsunami along the coastal areas in the Miyagi prefecture was confirmed by stopped clocks found during the survey. The damage mechanism of coastal structures such as breakwaters, seawalls, tsunami gates, and evacuation buildings was investigated and discussed. Damage characteristics for each area, i.e., urban areas, port, coastal structures, fisheries, and agricultural areas, were also summarized. The conclusions drawn from the data analysis suggest that experience and education (soft countermeasures) are important to reduce the loss of life, as shown for example in the Sanriku area. The field surveys indicate that wood and reinforced-concrete (RC) structures should be balanced to survive both earthquake and tsunami forces, and 1250005-1 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA @ SAN DIEGO on 06/09/15. For personal use only. A. Suppasri et al.the structural design for buildings should be reconsidered after the example in Onagawa town. In addition, coastal structures for tsunami countermeasures (hard countermeasures) should be more properly designed for survival instead of becoming floating debris upon being overturned by a tsunami. The combination of both hard and soft measures is especially necessary for optimizing the outcomes following a great disaster. These recommendations should be taken into consideration in the reconstruction efforts for better tsunami countermeasures in the future.

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Section: Tsunami Damage Field Survey and Expected Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Damage Characteristic and Field Survey of the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in Miyagi Prefecture

Suppasri

Koshimura

Imai

et al. 2012

Coastal Engineering Journal

127

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“…Tsunami waveform records have been proven to contain reliable information for retrieving the slip distribution of the earthquake source, especially for earthquakes generated along the subduction zones (Satake and Tanioka 1999;Satake 2006, 2013;Fujii et al 2011;Gusman et al 2015;Yoshimoto et al 2016). Furthermore, detailed tsunami simulations using high-resolution bathymetry and topography data provide valuable information to specifically analyze tsunami inundation features and thereby validate the estimated tsunami sources (Kakinuma et al 2012;Fukutani et al 2016;Heidarzadeh et al 2017). Here, to improve the tsunami source estimate and further analyze the observed tsunami features around Sendai Coast, we first estimate the fault slip distribution of the tsunami source using the moment tensor solution proposed by GCMT and USGS as a reference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami source and inundation features around Sendai Coast, Japan, due to the November 22, 2016 Mw 6.9 Fukushima earthquake

2018

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The tsunami source of the 2016 Fukushima Earthquake, which was generated by a normal faulting earthquake mechanism, is estimated by inverting the tsunami waveforms that were recorded by seven tide gauge stations and two wave gauge stations along the north Pacific coast of Japan. Two fault models based on different available moment tensor solutions were employed, and their locations were constrained by using the reverse tsunami travel time from the stations to the epicenter. The comparison of the two fault slip models showed that the fault model with a strike = 49°, dip = 35°, and rake = −89° more accurately simulated the observed tsunami data. This fault model estimated a fault area of 40 km × 32 km. The largest slip was estimated as 4.66 m at a 6.09 km depth, larger slips also concentrated between depths of 6.06 and 10.68 km, and located southwest of the epicenter. Assuming a rigidity of 2.7 × 10 10 N/m 2 , the estimated moment magnitude was 3.35 × 10 19 Nm (equivalent to M w = 6.95). In addition, a comparison of nonlinear tsunami simulations using finer bathymetry around Sendai Coast verified that the above fault slip model could better reproduce the tsunami features observed at Sendai Port and its surroundings. Finally, we analyzed the nonlinear tsunami computed from our best fault slip model. Our simulations also corroborated the height of the secondary wave amplitude observed at Sendai Port, which was caused by the reflected tsunami waves from the Fukushima coast, as described in previous studies. Furthermore, we found that the initial positive wave recorded inside Sendai Bay resulted from the addition of the initial incoming wave and the tsunami wave reflected off Sendai Coast, between Natori River and Sendai Port.

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“…A mega earthquake off the Pacific coasts of the Tohoku region, Japan, caused tsunamis, with an inundation height over 20 m, in 2011 (e.g., [1]). These tsunamis were generated by a rise, or a subsidence, in the seabed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami Generation Due to a Landslide or a Submarine Eruption

Kakinuma¹

2016

Tsunami

Self Cite

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Tsunamis can be triggered by not only submarine earthquakes, but also by landslides, and submarine volcanic eruptions. First, several characteristics of tsunami generation due to a landslide, or a sector collapse, are studied, with the tsunamis simulated numerically, to represent their generation through an interaction between falling bodies, and seawater, in two vertical dimensions. The falling body is assumed to be a fluid, or a rigid body, which moves down a slope with a constant gradient. Second, the mechanism of tsunami generation caused by a submarine volcanic eruption, is discussed, focusing on a phreatomagmatic explosion, where after exposure to high temperature magma, seawater evaporates instantly, with an explosive increase in its volume. An index for submarine volcanic explosive force, concerning tsunami generation, has been developed, by assuming the relationship between a phreatomagmatic explosion, and the resultant initial tsunami waveform. A numerical simulation was also generated, with a specific value for this index, for the propagation of tsunamis due to a submarine volcanic eruption in Kagoshima Bay, where a submarine explosion, leading to tsunami generation, has been observed.

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Trace Survey of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami in the North of Miyagi Prefecture and Numerical Simulation of Bidirectional Tsunamis in Utatsusaki Peninsula

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Damage Characteristic and Field Survey of the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in Miyagi Prefecture

Damage Characteristic and Field Survey of the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in Miyagi Prefecture

Tsunami source and inundation features around Sendai Coast, Japan, due to the November 22, 2016 Mw 6.9 Fukushima earthquake

Tsunami Generation Due to a Landslide or a Submarine Eruption

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