Traceability and Quality Control in Traditional Chinese Medicine: From Chemical Fingerprint to Two-Dimensional Barcode

Cai, Yong; Li, Xiwen; Li, Mei; Chen, Xiao‐Jia; Hu, Hao; Ni, Jingyun; Wang, Ying

doi:10.1155/2015/251304

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, it was not amenable to information storage, recognition and retrieval. Cai et al converted chemical fingerprint of TCM into data format that could be stored as QR code through data preprocessing [4], which made the transformation of quality information possible. In this study, we made a further attempt on how to apply 2D barcode of chemical fingerprint to quality traceability in actual production and circulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the method reported by Yong Cai et al [4], chemical fingerprints were successfully converted into 2D barcodes and QR codes were selected as coding type (Fig 5). The aim of this study focused on how to extract data from chemical 2D barcodes and generate chemical fingerprints to evaluate the quality of TCM by consumer smartphone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chromatographic analysis method for chemical profiling refer to [24]. Testing data of chemical fingerprints were converted into 2D barcodes by online website (http://qrgenerator.qrcreator.net) [4]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical fingerprints of TCM is an important quality control models and technologies to identify the quality of traditional Chinese medicines [1–3]. The success of conversion from chemical fingerprint to two-dimensional barcode has created an opportunity to develop a traceability system delivering quality information [4]. However how to apply quality two-dimensional barcode to practical quality traceability in circulation and personal consumed terminal still remains elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality Traceability System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Two Dimensional Barcode Using Mobile Intelligent Technology

Cai

Wang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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Currently, the chemical fingerprint comparison and analysis is mainly based on professional equipment and software, it’s expensive and inconvenient. This study aims to integrate QR (Quick Response) code with quality data and mobile intelligent technology to develop a convenient query terminal for tracing quality in the whole industrial chain of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine). Three herbal medicines were randomly selected and their chemical two-dimensional barcode (2D) barcodes fingerprints were constructed. Smartphone application (APP) based on Android system was developed to read initial data of 2D chemical barcodes, and compared multiple fingerprints from different batches of same species or different species. It was demonstrated that there were no significant differences between original and scanned TCM chemical fingerprints. Meanwhile, different TCM chemical fingerprint QR codes could be rendered in the same coordinate and showed the differences very intuitively. To be able to distinguish the variations of chemical fingerprint more directly, linear interpolation angle cosine similarity algorithm (LIACSA) was proposed to get similarity ratio. This study showed that QR codes can be used as an effective information carrier to transfer quality data. Smartphone application can rapidly read quality information in QR codes and convert data into TCM chemical fingerprints.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality Traceability System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Two Dimensional Barcode Using Mobile Intelligent Technology

Cai

Wang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Cai et al [11] studied the conversion of Chinese medicine chemical fingerprints into a QR code. However, the two-dimensional code storage space is very limited; the original data of the normal P. ginseng DNA sequence and chemical fingerprints far exceed the capacity of the current two-dimensional codes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propose a Substitution Model for DNA Data Compression

Korial¹,

Taqi²

2018

IJCA

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One of the most difficult challenges in lossless data compression is finding the right model for the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) compression. DNA sequences include four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) where the information in DNA is stored as a code made up of these four chemical bases and these sequences show these are not random, if they are totally random then store them in two bits, this is the most efficient and logical way. This paper proposed an algorithm called A2 for DNA data compression. The proposed algorithm consists of four stages to build a substitutional model. The first stage used a modified version of run-length coding, in second and third stages mapping model for formatting data to be suitable for the final stage fed into Burrows-Wheeler Transform to use permutation technique that group related symbols as possible to improve dictionary coding using Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) and output file stored as (.a2) extension. The A2 algorithm implemented and tested on data from GenBank and shows acceptable file size and processing time ratio.

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An error‐correction and anti‐interference coding method for tracking big‐data information of commodities

Wan

Chen

Tong

2020

Int J Numerical Modelling

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The paper presents a novel efficient encoding and decoding method for self‐correction and anti‐interference used in big data product tracing system based on the cyclic code theory. The principle of constructing code set is first illustrated. Then the specific encoding and decoding methods suitable for the algebra rules are invented in sequence for efficiency. At last, to test the new coding system, the paper accelerates the decoding time by OpenMP more than 36 times. The error‐correcting code presents its perfect recovery property with a recovery rate of more than 95% under 60% damage rate. In analyzing its efficiency, the encoding process only costs 0.0045 second in average while the time of decoding method will increase with the damage rate’s ascending, but it can be controlled within 16 seconds. In comparison to other coding patterns in the references, the newly error‐correcting and anti‐interference coding method achieves a balance in complexity, encoding rate, and decoding time with its priority in recovering rate under the damage rate of 60%.

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Traceability and Quality Control in Traditional Chinese Medicine: From Chemical Fingerprint to Two-Dimensional Barcode

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Quality Traceability System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Two Dimensional Barcode Using Mobile Intelligent Technology

Quality Traceability System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Two Dimensional Barcode Using Mobile Intelligent Technology

Propose a Substitution Model for DNA Data Compression

An error‐correction and anti‐interference coding method for tracking big‐data information of commodities

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