Traceability of Geographical Origin in Gentiana straminea by UPLC-Q Exactive Mass and Multivariate Analyses

Abstract

The root of Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Gentianaceae), is officially listed as “Qin-Jiao” in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, icteric hepatitis, constipation, pain, and hypertension. To establish the geographical origin traceability in G. straminea, its chemical profiles were determined by a UPLC-Q exactive mass spectrometer, from which 43 compounds were identified by comparing retention times and mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, a pair of isomers (loganin and secologanol) was identified by mass spectrometry based on their fragmentation pathway. A total of 42 samples from difference habitats were determined by an UPLC-Q exactive mass spectrometer and the data were assayed with multivariate statistical analysis. Eight characteristic compounds were identified to determine the geographical origin of the herb. To estimate the key characteristic markers associated with pharmacological function, the inhibiting activities of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages were examined. This finding is crucial in realizing the determination of botanical origin and evaluating the quality of G. straminea.

Unrevealing the Potential of Sansevieria trifasciata Prain Fraction for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia by Inhibiting Androgen Receptors Based on LC-MS/MS Analysis, and In-Silico Studies

“…Compounds 2 and 6 were found in the root of Gentiana straminea Maxim and Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO). These two compounds were reported to have anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity in rats [ 41 , 42 ]. Compounds 5 and 4 of Moringa oleifera and marine actinomycete were reported to have antibacterial activity against MRSA bacteria [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Effective Parts of Gentiana straminea Maxim Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

“…17 Pharmacological studies indicated that G.s Maxim mediates antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects; it also participates in central sedation, hepatoprotective, bile secretion, and immune regulation activities. [18][19][20][21] Our previous work demonstrated the protective effect of ethanol extracts from G.s Maxim on lung and heart damage in rats at high altitude. 22,23 This study investigated whether G.s Maxim can protect PC12 cells from hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and determined the underlying mechanisms.…”

“…17 Pharmacological studies indicated that G.s Maxim mediates antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects; it also participates in central sedation, hepatoprotective, bile secretion, and immune regulation activities. 18-21…”

Multidirectional insights into the phytochemical, biological, and multivariate analysis of extracts from the aerial part of Swertia perennis Linnaeus

“…A fragment at m/z 193.0521 was obtained after loss of maltose (324 Da) from the deprotonated ion at m/z 517.1580. Using information from the literature, the fragmentation data, HRAMW, and secondary fragmentation law, peak 7 was identified as 6'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylgentiopicroside (Pan et al, 2019).…”