Traceability of On-Machine Tool Measurement: A Review

Abstract

Nowadays, errors during the manufacturing process of high value components are not acceptable in driving industries such as energy and transportation. Sectors such as aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding, nuclear power, large science facilities or wind power need complex and accurate components that demand close measurements and fast feedback into their manufacturing processes. New measuring technologies are already available in machine tools, including integrated touch probes and fast interface capabilities. They provide the possibility to measure the workpiece in-machine during or after its manufacture, maintaining the original setup of the workpiece and avoiding the manufacturing process from being interrupted to transport the workpiece to a measuring position. However, the traceability of the measurement process on a machine tool is not ensured yet and measurement data is still not fully reliable enough for process control or product validation. The scientific objective is to determine the uncertainty on a machine tool measurement and, therefore, convert it into a machine integrated traceable measuring process. For that purpose, an error budget should consider error sources such as the machine tools, components under measurement and the interactions between both of them. This paper reviews all those uncertainty sources, being mainly focused on those related to the machine tool, either on the process of geometric error assessment of the machine or on the technology employed to probe the measurand.

Verification of Machine Tools Using Multilateration and a Geometrical Approach

“…This analysis can be addressed from an analytical approach when using direct methods [19]. However, in the case of indirect measurements, a Monte Carlo uncertainty estimation would be more appropriate [2,3,20]. From the experiments carried out, sufficient information about the possible sources of influence and limits would be available for such analysis.…”

“…The trend to work with larger and larger machine tools makes the volumetric accuracy more sensitive to thermal expansions or mechanical deformations, making necessary the development of a new generation of techniques for the verification of these machines [2].…”

Optimal scanning strategy for on-machine inspection with laser-plane sensor

“…Contact systems such as tactile probes are most commonly used, and make it possible to use the machine tool instead of a coordinate measuring machine [8]. In [9], measurement uncertainties of the machine-tool are well identified, and the use of OMM allows to check the position of the part in the set-up or to identify the part geometry after machining. Cho et al [1] propose an on-machine probing strategy for parts with complex shapes.…”

Embedded Sensor System for Five-degree-of-freedom Error Detection on Machine Tools

“…Chen [20] and Li [21] applied MDFM to simultaneously measure the 6-DOF and 5-DOF errors of a rotary axis, respectively. Commercial MDFM systems are also available on the market, such as XM-60 (Renishaw Inc, UK), XD5 (API Inc, USA) and SP1500 C5 (SIOS Gmbh, Germany) [22] .…”