Tracheal and Airway Collapse in Dogs

Maggiore, Ann Della

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.09.004

Cited by 46 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…General strategies of value that are recommended include weight loss in obese patients, environmental modifications to improve air quality and optimize humidity, and reduction of recognized triggers of clinical signs. In obese patients, weight loss can decrease clinical signs by increasing thoracic wall compliance and decreasing extrathoracic and intra‐abdominal adipose tissue . Although not documented in dogs to date, morbid obesity may cause severe but reversible PH in people, underscoring its importance in the general management strategy.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In group 3a disorders, recommended treatment is primarily symptomatic and includes cough suppression, sedation, oxygen supplementation, and, when present, control of secondary infection and inflammation. Specific examples may include, but are not limited to, glucocorticoids, opioids or other sedatives, antimicrobials, and antitussives . For management of severe tracheal collapse, placement of an intraluminal stent can be considered …”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension in dogs

Reinero

Visser

Kellihan

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

192

383

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined by increased pressure within the pulmonary vasculature, is a hemodynamic and pathophysiologic state present in a wide variety of cardiovascular, respiratory, and systemic diseases. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide a multidisciplinary approach to guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of PH in dogs. Comprehensive evaluation including consideration of signalment, clinical signs, echocardiographic parameters, and results of other diagnostic tests supports the diagnosis of PH and allows identification of associated underlying conditions. Dogs with PH can be classified into the following 6 groups: group 1, pulmonary arterial hypertension; group 2, left heart disease; group 3, respiratory disease/hypoxia; group 4, pulmonary emboli/pulmonary thrombi/pulmonary thromboemboli; group 5, parasitic disease (Dirofilaria and Angiostrongylus); and group 6, disorders that are multifactorial or with unclear mechanisms. The approach to treatment of PH focuses on strategies to decrease the risk of progression, complications, or both, recommendations to target underlying diseases or factors contributing to PH, and PH‐specific treatments. Dogs with PH should be monitored for improvement, static condition, or progression, and any identified underlying disorder should be addressed and monitored simultaneously.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension in dogs

Reinero

Visser

Kellihan

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

192

383

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Evaluation using fluoroscopy is subjective, patient motion can interrupt the interpretation of images, and circumferential airway narrowing can be underestimated . As a three‐dimensional assessment of the bronchi appears to be the most accurate way to identify bronchial collapse, the most reliable examination seems to be flexible bronchoscopy . However, it can cause complications related to invasive procedure so be hard to apply in patients who have severe respiratory disease .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic bronchial collapsibility values over 50% may be detected in healthy dogs

Lee

Kim

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Bronchomalacia and bronchial collapse are important causes of chronic coughing in dogs. The current reference standard diagnostic tests for these problems are flexible bronchoscopy and biopsy. Previous human studies have also supported inspiration/expiration computed tomography (CT) as a diagnostic test. The current prospective, pilot study aimed to determine whether inspiration/expiration CT is also a feasible test for quantifying bronchial collapsibility in dogs. Thoracic CT images were acquired using a 64‐row multidetector CT for 10 healthy Beagle dogs during maximal inspiration and expiration. For each scan, one observer measured transverse sectional areas of the mainstem and lobar bronchi, and the dorsal and ventral segmental bronchi of the left cranial lobar bronchus. Diameters for each bronchus were also measured in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes. Bronchial collapsibility (%) was calculated as the difference between inspiration/expiration transverse sectional areas divided by the inspiration transverse sectional areas. Mean bronchial collapsibility of all bronchi was 38.20 ± 15.17%. A collapsibility of over 50% was found in the dorsal (n = 7) and ventral (n = 4) segmental bronchi of the left cranial lobar bronchus, and the left caudal (n = 5) and right middle (n = 2) lobar bronchus. Bronchial collapsibility measurements were greater in the dorsal and ventral segmental bronchi of the left cranial lobar bronchus and the left caudal lobar bronchus (P < 0.001). Findings supported inspiration/expiration CT as a modality to noninvasively assess bronchial collapse in dogs and a bronchial collapsibility value greater than 50% for detecting pathologic bronchial collapse in clinically affected dogs.

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“…Tracheal collapse is a common progressive disease affecting predominately small and toy breed dogs. Radiography, bronchoscopy, and fluoroscopy are currently the principal imaging techniques used for diagnosing and monitoring tracheal collapse . Tracheal stent placement is a useful palliative procedure for the management of tracheal collapse when medical management is no longer effective .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Radiography and Computed Tomography for Determining Tracheal Diameter and Length in Dogs

et al. 2014

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Tracheal and Airway Collapse in Dogs

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension in dogs

ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension in dogs

Computed tomographic bronchial collapsibility values over 50% may be detected in healthy dogs

Comparison of Radiography and Computed Tomography for Determining Tracheal Diameter and Length in Dogs

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