Tracheal Constriction by Morphine and by Fentanyl in Man

Salbutamol, beclomethasone or sodium chromoglycate suppress coughing induced byiv fentanyl

“…8,9 Salbutamol, beclomethasone and sodium chromoglycate are used routinely in the management of bronchospasm. Therefore, we postulated that aerosol inhalation of these drugs would prevent fentanyl-induced cough.…”

“…9 These receptors, when stimulated, can trigger the cough reflex via the vagal afferent pathway. We used corticosteroid (beclomethasone) inhalation therapy as it is known to reduce bronchial hyperirritability, mucosal edema and also to suppress the inflammatory response to trigger stimuli.…”

Alfentanil does not increase resistance of the respiratory system in ASA I patients ventilated mechanically during general anesthesia

“…1,2 The consequent increase in bronchial tone could be particularly harmful during general anesthesia, when it can cause an increase in airway pressure, and increase the risk of ventilation-induced barotrauma. 3,4 Alfentanil is a central analgesic, belonging to the 4-amydo pirydines; it is active predominantly on mureceptors and its analgesic effect is 70-fold higher than that of morphine, and does not cause histamine release. 5 The maximal analgesic effect appears within one minute after bolus iv administration.…”

The effect of dilution and prolonged injection time on fentanyl‐induced coughing*

“…Fentanyl has been shown to inhibit central sympathetic outflow, causing vagal predominance, inducing cough and reflex bronchoconstriction, and it has also been shown to elicit cough by stimulating irritant receptors in tracheal smooth muscle [3,6,11]. Lin et al [1] and Bohrer et al [2] suggest that pulmonary chemoreflex is the likely mechanism, mediated by either irritant receptors (rapidly adapting receptors) or vagal C fibre receptors in close proximity to pulmonary vessels (juxta capillary receptors).…”