Tracheal Disorders

Morphological study of tracheal shape in donkeys with and without tracheal obstruction

“…The CSA of the tracheal lumen decreased significantly between rings 10–35, probably due to the change in tracheal ring shape from circular to oval at these sites. This finding is consistent with previous reports, where clinical tracheal collapse was found at the level of the thoracic inlet in donkeys (Mair and Lane 1990; Thiemann and Bell 2001) and ponies (Dixon et al. 2007).…”

“…The number of tracheal rings in donkeys (mean 43, range 34–50) is considerably fewer than reported in horses (48–60) (Mair and Lane 2005; Dixon et al. 2007).…”

“…2002), being more frequently recorded in donkeys (Mair and Lane 1990; Thiemann and Bell 2001), ponies (Delahanty and George 1954; Martin 1981; Siger et al. 1998; Dixon et al. 2007) and miniature horses including foals (Simmons et al.…”

Radiographic Quantification of Tracheal Dimensions of the Normal Thoroughbred Horse

“…In horses, tracheal disease that can be evaluated radiographically include tracheal displacement, extratracheal gas, pneumomediastinum, and possibly tracheitis or tracheal trauma resulting in decreased definition of the trachea 37 . Tracheal hypoplasia, collapse, narrowing, and obstruction are occasionally seen 38–40 . Tracheal collapse and stenosis may be differentiated by making inspiratory and expiratory radiographs 10 .…”

Diagnosing the ‘hidden’ consequences of cervical trauma

“…Infection associated with oesophageal perforation can also result in damage to the adjacent large vessels (Risne and Mair 2003). Imaging of the neck including radiographs (with or without contrast) and endoscopy (tracheoscopy and oesophagoscopy) as well as thoracic radiographs are useful in the diagnosis of tracheal and/or oesophageal perforation (Barber 2005; Dixon et al . 2007).…”