trachealess encodes a bHLH-PAS protein that is an inducer of tracheal cell fates in Drosophila.

Wilk, Ronit; Weizman, Isabella; Shilo, Ben‐Zion

doi:10.1101/gad.10.1.93

Cited by 256 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…This temporal pattern appears to lag behind the progression of branching outgrowth in the trachea. This is best illustrated when the d-VHL expression pattern is compared to that of the Trachealess (Trh) protein, a transcription factor with structural similarity to the mammalian Hif-1a (Wilk et al, 1996). Trh is expressed in all tracheal cells throughout tracheal development, starting from the formation of 10 trachea-forming subunits, termed tracheal placodes, on each side of the germband at stage 11.…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of D-vhlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are not counted as direct tracheal detects. d Only those developed past stage 15, judged by morphological landmarks such as discernible midgut and posterior spiracles (see Figure 4) were scored for tracheal phenotypes (Wilk et al, 1996;Crews, 1998;Wang et al, 1995) and Ets family of proteins Pardanaud and Dieterlen-LieÂ vre, 1993). Importantly, terminal outgrowth in both systems can be in¯uenced by physiological conditions such as hypoxia (Shweiki et al, 1992;Jarecki et al, 1999;Wingrove and O'Farrell, 1999).…”

Section: D-vhl Function In Tracheal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracheal development and the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor homolog in Drosophila

et al. 2000

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Section: Expression Pattern Of D-vhlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D-vhl Function In Tracheal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracheal development and the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor homolog in Drosophila

et al. 2000

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“…Differences with respect to CoCl 2 -mediated induction of LORE-containing yeast genes provide additional support to the notion that additional factors most likely exist in S. cerevisiae oxygen-sensing pathways which may not exist in mammalian systems. Likewise, HIF-1␣ homologues have been identified in several organisms, from mouse and rat (63,64) to Drosophila melanogaster (65)(66)(67)(68), although none has been found in S. cerevisiae. Further work to identify and characterize the LBP and investigate its regulation and relationship to the mammalian O 2 sensing pathway remains of high interest.…”

Section: Rap1p and Lore-binding Protein(s) (Lbp)-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Low Oxygen Response Element Involved in the Hypoxic Induction of a Family ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae Genes

Vasconcelles

Jiang

McDaid

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

106

126

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An organism's ability to respond to changes in oxygen tension depends in large part on alterations in gene expression. The oxygen sensing and signaling mechanisms in eukaryotic cells are not fully understood. To further define these processes, we have studied the ⌬9 fatty acid desaturase gene OLE1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have confirmed previous data showing that the expression of OLE1 mRNA is increased in hypoxia and in the presence of certain transition metals. OLE1 expression was also increased in the presence of the iron chelator 1,10-phenanthroline. A 142-base pair (bp) region 3 to the previously identified fatty acid response element was identified as critical for the induction of OLE1 in response to these stimuli using OLE1 promoter-lacZ reporter constructs. Electromobility shift assays confirmed the presence of an inducible band shift in response to hypoxia and cobalt. Mutational analysis defined the nonameric sequence ACTCAACAA as necessary for transactivation. A 20-base pair oligonucleotide containing this nonamer confers up-regulation by hypoxia and inhibition by unsaturated fatty acids when placed upstream of a heterologous promoter in a lacZ reporter construct. Additional yeast genes were identified which respond to hypoxia and cobalt in a manner similar to OLE1. A number of mammalian genes are also up-regulated by hypoxia, cobalt, nickel, and iron chelators. Hence, the identification of a family of yeast genes regulated in a similar manner has implications for understanding oxygen sensing and signaling in eukaryotes.

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“…As none of the cellular activities seen during invagination occur in trh mutants (Wilk et al, 1996), the identification and analysis of trh target genes and their effects on cell behaviour, protein Development 135, 2055Development 135, -2064Development 135, (2008 localization, etc., should provide insight into how the flat epithelial sheet starts its transformation towards a branched organ. In a recent study, the careful analysis of cell behaviour in wild-type Drosophila embryos and in embryos mutant for Trh target genes did indeed lead to a two-step model in which trh induces and then organizes tracheal invagination (Brodu and Casanova, 2006) (see Fig.…”

Section: Forming a Sac From A Planar Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groups of epidermal cells are determined to become tracheal cells, in part, by their expression of a combination of transcription factors, including trachealess (trh), ventral veins lacking (vvl; also known as ventral veinless) and knirps/knirps-related (kni/knrl; also known as knirps-like) (reviewed by Affolter and Shilo, 2000). In an ordered choreography, these cells then invaginate while remaining attached to each other and to the neighbouring, non-tracheal cells.As none of the cellular activities seen during invagination occur in trh mutants (Wilk et al, 1996), the identification and analysis of trh target genes and their effects on cell behaviour, protein Development 135, 2055Development 135, -2064Development 135, (2008 localization, etc., should provide insight into how the flat epithelial sheet starts its transformation towards a branched organ. In a recent study, the careful analysis of cell behaviour in wild-type Drosophila embryos and in embryos mutant for Trh target genes did indeed lead to a two-step model in which trh induces and then organizes tracheal invagination (Brodu and Casanova, 2006) (see Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracheal branching morphogenesis inDrosophila: new insights into cell behaviour and organ architecture

2008

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2055Our understanding of the molecular control of morphological processes has increased tremendously over recent years through the development and use of high resolution in vivo imaging approaches, which have enabled cell behaviour to be linked to molecular functions. Here we review how such approaches have furthered our understanding of tracheal branching morphogenesis in Drosophila, during which the control of cell invagination, migration, competition and rearrangement is accompanied by the sequential secretion and resorption of proteins into the apical luminal space, a vital step in the elaboration of the trachea's complex tubular network. We also discuss the similarities and differences between flies and vertebrates in branched organ formation that are becoming apparent from these studies. IntroductionBranching morphogenesis restructures epithelial sheets to give rise to organs of fascinating three-dimensional architecture, as exemplified by the adult lung, the kidney and the vasculature in humans. In Drosophila melanogaster, genetic studies have provided much insight into the regulatory networks that regulate the ordered formation of tracheal branches in the embryo, and into how the different branches coordinate their relative sizes, an issue that is of importance to the physical aspects of branched organ function (Affolter et al., 2003;Ghabrial et al., 2003;Uv et al., 2003). More recently, the development of live-imaging approaches in Drosophila have allowed researchers to take a deeper look at the behaviour of cells during the branching process, and have enabled events at the molecular level to be linked to the behaviour of individual cells or groups of cells.This combination of molecular genetics and live-imaging techniques has provided investigators with a unique opportunity to understand the morphological processes that occur during branching morphogenesis. This review focuses and builds on some of these recent insights, and assesses how they have led to a better understanding of the cellular and molecular processes that contribute to the transformation of simple, two-dimensional epithelial sheets into fascinating, three-dimensional tubular structures that can perform important functions in development and homeostasis. We focus here on the Drosophila tracheal system because several cellular and molecular paradigms, such as cell migration, competition and rearrangement, as well as the elaboration of a complex apical luminal environment, have recently been uncovered in this system that might serve related roles in the formation of other branched organs or tissues; these similarities might help us in the future to gain an even better understanding of how morphogenesis in general is regulated during development. Tracheal development in the fly embryoThe complex structure of the tracheal system consists of interconnected, metameric units of different-sized tubes that extend over the entire embryo shortly before hatching (Samakovlis et al., 1996b) (see Fig. 1, see also Movie 1 in the supplementary material)....

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trachealess encodes a bHLH-PAS protein that is an inducer of tracheal cell fates in Drosophila.

Cited by 256 publications

References 41 publications

Tracheal development and the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor homolog in Drosophila

Tracheal development and the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor homolog in Drosophila

Identification and Characterization of a Low Oxygen Response Element Involved in the Hypoxic Induction of a Family ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae Genes

Tracheal branching morphogenesis inDrosophila: new insights into cell behaviour and organ architecture

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