Tracheobronchomalacia in pediatric patients with esophageal atresia: Comparison of diagnostic laryngoscopy/bronchoscopy and dynamic airway multidetector computed tomography

Dynamic expiratory CT: An effective non‐invasive diagnostic exam for fragile children with suspected tracheo‐bronchomalacia

“…Greenberg illustrated a continuous scanning technique by wide‐detector scanners, however, literature is still scarse on its accuracy in direct comparison with the reference “gold‐standard” of bronchoscopy in children . A recent study from Ngerncham et al reported good correlation between CT and DB in a small selected population with TBM and esophageal atresia …”

Direct tracheobronchopexy to correct airway collapse due to severe tracheobronchomalacia: Short-term outcomes in a series of 20 patients

“…In efforts to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TBM at our institution, we have initiated a process for the classifications made at the time endoscopic exams and have created a multidisciplinary approach to these patients [10]. TM and TBM are characterized by excessive collapsibility of the airways; typically occurring during expiration [14].…”

“…Thirdly, complete radiographic evaluations were not available on all the patients; however, we were able to utilize a standardized bronchoscopic scoring system to evaluate TBM and its subsequent resolution postoperatively. This has proven to be equally as efficacious, while at the same time limiting radiation in a pediatric population [10]. Finally, follow-up intervals were variable, and relatively short term.…”

“…Anatomic regions were evaluated in a standardized fashion [10]. In brief, the trachea was evaluated by anatomical region and collapse.…”

Assessment of Suspected Vascular Rings and Slings and/or Airway Pathologies Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Rather Than Computed Tomography

“…Dynamic airway CT as a TB alternative means at least 2 scans with double radiation exposure [36]. The newest generations of CT scanners and a careful attention to dose-reduction techniques [37][38][39] may help minimizing radiation, but radiation exposure cannot be avoided completely. Since children are more sensitive to radiation and live a longer life span, their risk of developing radiation-induced cancer after a CT scan is higher than in adults [40,41].…”