“…Previous studies showed that parenchyma-sparing therapy (e.g., bronchoscopic resection, bronchial sleeve resections), without lymph node dissection, did not influence survival in patients with TC and AC [4, 5, 8, 18-20]. In contrast, other studies showed nodal status to be a very important prognostic factor, particularly in AC [11, 13-15, 21-26]. With this in mind, preoperative staging of TC and AC, with specific attention to lymph node status, is very important, especially when treating patients with minimal invasive techniques like EBT, as lymph nodes are not sampled during this technique.…”