Tracing the global tin flow network: highly concentrated production and consumption

Li, Haodong; Qin, Wenqing; Li, Jinhui; Tian, Zuyuan; Jiao, Fen; Yang, Congren

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105495

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Previous geographical tin assessments have indicated high supply concentration (Li et al, 2021), high import dependence for the European Union (EU) and the United States (Graedel et al, 2022), and a relatively high risk in terms of depletion time (Althaf & Babbitt, 2021). Li et al (2021) indicated that global tin reserves have continuously declined over the past two decades. However, estimates by the International Tin Association (ITA) imply the opposite (International Tin Research Institute, 2016;ITA, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geographical MFAs help determine indicator values for factors such as supply concentration, import dependence, and reserve depletion time. Previous geographical tin assessments have indicated high supply concentration (Li et al., 2021), high import dependence for the European Union (EU) and the United States (Graedel et al., 2022), and a relatively high risk in terms of depletion time (Althaf & Babbitt, 2021). Li et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li et al. (2021) indicated that global tin reserves have continuously declined over the past two decades. However, estimates by the International Tin Association (ITA) imply the opposite (International Tin Research Institute, 2016; ITA, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tercero Espinoza (2021) addressed issues conceptually, but we found no detailed assessment of actual recycling values for tin. Second, since the previous MFAs (Izard & Müller, 2010; Li et al., 2021), new developments have occurred that have not been analyzed yet, especially when it comes to tin flows beyond unwrought flows, and the recycling of both pure and alloyed tin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reassessing tin circularity and criticality

Bradley,

Auping,

Kleijn

et al. 2024

J of Industrial Ecology

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Tin is an important metal for society with a high risk of supply disruptions. It is, therefore, classified as a critical material in many parts of the world. An exception is the European Union, for which tin was classified as a non‐critical material in 2023. However, there are many discrepancies in the literature regarding the definitions and values of the indicators used to determine tin criticality in general, and recycling indicators in particular. Values for end‐of‐life recycling rate (EoL RR) range between 20% and 75%, and values for end‐of‐life recycling input rate (EoL RIR) range between 11% and 32%. In this paper, we critically assess the circularity and criticality indicator values for tin and calculate new values using material flow analysis. The new values for tin recycling indicators are lower than those used in most previous research, with a global EoL RR of 16% and an EoL RIR of 11% in 2017. Based on the updated recycling values, combined with a highly concentrated supply, high import reliance, and difficult substitution, we argue that the European Union should classify tin as a critical material. This reclassification can lead to more policy attention for tin, which can help reduce the impact of future supply disruptions and increase the resilience of the European and global tin supply chains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reassessing tin circularity and criticality

Bradley,

Auping,

Kleijn

et al. 2024

J of Industrial Ecology

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show abstract

“…Currently, tin produced by China and Myanmar are used by China, that has become the largest tin consumer in the world replacing the US and European Union. Tin consumption increase in China is the biggest contributor to global tin consumption raise [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical and geological properties of tin related to ore deposits: A Review

Handoko,

Sapiie,

Syafrizal

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Tin have atomic number 50 and atomic mass 118,71, commonly found as cassiterite in nature. It is one of important elements in low carbon technologies. Nowadays, tin utilized in broad application range from tin can to electronics. Despite many uses, tin is only produced from limited areas. Because of broad application, understanding of tin in nature is important. Tin usually can be found together with wolfram, although it often occurs at different locations. Tin may occur in various ore deposit types such as greisen, vein, skarn, and placer. This article will describe the geochemical and geological properties of tin in nature, especially that related to ore deposits.

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Novel Process for Tin Recovery from Waste Print Circuit Boards (WPCBs) by Selective Oxidation Roasting Under H2O Atmosphere

Su,

Lei,

et al. 2024

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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Tracing the global tin flow network: highly concentrated production and consumption

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Reassessing tin circularity and criticality

Reassessing tin circularity and criticality

Geochemical and geological properties of tin related to ore deposits: A Review

Novel Process for Tin Recovery from Waste Print Circuit Boards (WPCBs) by Selective Oxidation Roasting Under H2O Atmosphere

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