Tracing the sources of the chemical composition of precipitation by cluster analysis

Slanina, J.; Baard, J.H.; Zijp, W.L.; Asman, W. A. H.

doi:10.1007/bf00279495

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…One of these applications addressed the problem of acid deposition. Slanina et al (1983) clustered precipitation composition variables (ionic concentrations) into groups exhibiting similar composition and found that the resulting clusters suggested different source regions (continental versus marine) for the precipitating air masses. The present analysis clustered trajectory data into groups of similar transport and then quantitatively compared the chemical distributions within the resulting transport patterns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the relationship between atmospheric transport and the chemical composition of precipitation on Bermuda

Moody¹,

Galloway²

1988

Tellus B

111

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In an effort to investigate the influence of different atmospheric flow patterns on the composition of precipitation on the island of Bermuda, a cluster analysis of atmospheric trajectories was performed to identify periods of similar transport. The cluster analysis technique represents a relatively objective alternative to the more subjective method of classifying trajectories according to compass sector. Data were stratified into two broad seasons, defined as a warm (April-September) and a cool (October-March) season. Relative to the cool season, significantly higher per event concentrations of non-seasalt sulfate and nitrate occurred in the warm season on Bermuda. There was no significant difference in the per event precipitation amount between seasons; however, there was significantly higher per event deposition of warm season non-seasalt sulfate, and nitrate. Significant differences in precipitation composition were also identified between flow patterns. It was found that the source regions which contributed the largest fraction of hydrogen ion deposition and nonseasalt sulfate deposition on Bermuda differed by season. During the cool months, 40% of the deposition occurred with transport from the west, off the East Coast of the US, implicating anthropogenic sources. In the warm season, an equally large fraction of deposition was associated with flow from the Bahamas region, suggesting an oceanic source of biogenic sulfur as the precursor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the relationship between atmospheric transport and the chemical composition of precipitation on Bermuda

Moody¹,

Galloway²

1988

Tellus B

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This technique has been previously applied to air quality studies to investigate source origins of air pollutants (e.g. Slanina et al, 1983;Dorling et al, 1992;Tong et al, 2005;Van Curen, et al, 2002). As discussed earlier, dust episodes are usually extraordinary events with large perturbations in both aerosol concentrations and chemical composition compared to those during non-dusty periods.…”

Section: Approach To Identify Local Dust Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term dust climatology in the western United States reconstructed from routine aerosol ground monitoring

Tong

Wang

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This study introduces an observation-based dust identification approach and applies it to reconstruct longterm dust climatology in the western United States. Longterm dust climatology is important for quantifying the effects of atmospheric aerosols on regional and global climate. Although many routine aerosol monitoring networks exist, it is often difficult to obtain dust records from these networks, because these monitors are either deployed far away from dust active regions (most likely collocated with dense population) or contaminated by anthropogenic sources and other natural sources, such as wildfires and vegetation detritus. Here we propose an approach to identify local dust events relying solely on aerosol mass and composition from general-purpose aerosol measurements. Through analyzing the chemical and physical characteristics of aerosol observations during satellite-detected dust episodes, we select five indicators to be used to identify local dust records: (1) high PM 10 concentrations; (2) low PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio; (3) higher concentrations and percentage of crustal elements; (4) lower percentage of anthropogenic pollutants; and (5) low enrichment factors of anthropogenic elements. After establishing these identification criteria, we conduct hierarchical cluster analysis for all validated aerosol measurement data over 68 IMPROVE sites in the western United States. A total of 182 local dust events were identified over 30 of the 68 locations from 2000 to 2007. These locations are either close to the four US Deserts, namely the Great Basin Desert, the Mojave Desert, the Sonoran Desert, and the Chihuahuan Desert, or in the high wind power region (Colorado). During the eight-year study period, the total number of dust events displays an interesting four-year activity cycle (one in 2000- The monthly frequency of dust events shows a peak from March to July and a second peak in autumn from September to November. The large quantity of dust events occurring in summertime also suggests the prevailing impact of windblown dust across the year. This seasonal variation is consistent with previous model simulations over the United States.

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“…Elements derived from seawater (Na, Ca, Mg) may be enriched relative to crustal rock even at remote continental sites. Examples of such statistical approachs are given by Slanina et al (1983), Dutkiewicz et al (1987), Lowenthal and Rahn (1985), Pacyna et al (1985), Rahn (1985), and Rahn and Lowenthal (1984). Se and I are highly enriched, partly because of fractionation during oceanic emission in gaseous forms.…”

Section: 500mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Elements a Critical Evaluation

Church¹,

Arimoto²,

Jickells³

et al. 1990

The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Natural and Contaminant Substances

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Throughout the earth's geological history trace elements have been atmospherically transported from continent to continent and from continent to ocean; this long-range atmospheric transport is now recognized as an important, if not the most important, mode of global transport for a variety of trace substances and elements. The anthropogenic trace substances found in remote locations attest to the rapidity and extent of such transport.Trace elements are of interest in studies of long-range atmospheric transport because of their importance in biogeochemical processes, including global oceanic fluxes. Tracers from particular source regions or industrial processes, including various metals with characteristic origins, have been used to document the dispersal caused by atmospheric transport. Trace elements with magnitudes and sources well documented 37 A. H. Knap (ed.), The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport o/Natural and Contaminant Substances, 37-58.

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Tracing the sources of the chemical composition of precipitation by cluster analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Quantifying the relationship between atmospheric transport and the chemical composition of precipitation on Bermuda

Quantifying the relationship between atmospheric transport and the chemical composition of precipitation on Bermuda

Long-term dust climatology in the western United States reconstructed from routine aerosol ground monitoring

The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Elements a Critical Evaluation

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