Track of a fiber fuse: a Rayleigh instability in optical waveguides

Atkins, Robert; Simpkins, P. G.; Yablon, A.D.

doi:10.1364/ol.28.000974

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…13). This modulation may suggest the instability of the plasma or the surrounding melt as proposed by Atkins et al (2003) (Rayleigh instability) and Yakovlenko (2004) (induced electrostatic repulsion) but further study is needed. The void formation sequence can be modified by controlling certain external conditions.…”

Section: Bridge Formation During Fiber Fuse Propagationmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Fiber Fuse Propagation Behavior

Todoroki¹

2012

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technology

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Section: Bridge Formation During Fiber Fuse Propagationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Two ideas have been proposed for the driving force behind this void formation. Atkins et al (2003) suggested that Rayleigh instability, or positive surface tension, minimizes the interface area between plasma and molten glass following the analogy of falling water droplets and an air jet in a fluid (see Fig. 11).…”

Section: Microscopic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Fuse Propagation Behavior

Todoroki¹

2012

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technology

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“…The fiber fuse phenomenon occurs when input light intensity exceeds about ∼ 2 MW/cm 2 and some external stimuli are applied. [20][21][22][23] It is thought that the creation of a void follows the propagation of a plasmalike disturbance toward the direction of the optical power source at the velocity of the order of 1 m/s; 22 however, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. The appearance of the void formation resembles each other, but in transparent bulk glass, the filament path that reaches the bottom surface needs to be formed to create the periodic void structure as demonstrated above.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic Nanovoid Structures via Femtosecond Laser Irradiation

et al. 2005

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We have observed periodically aligned nanovoid structures inside a conventional borosilicate glass induced by a single femtosecond (fs) laser beam for the first time, to our knowledge. The spherical voids of nanosized diameter were aligned spontaneously with a period along the propagation direction of the laser beam. The period, the number of voids, and the whole length of the aligned void structure were controlled by changing the laser power, the pulse number, and the position of the focal point.Ultrashort pulsed lasers such as femtosecond (fs) lasers are considered powerful tools for inducing nonlinear optical effects or microscopic modifications inside transparent materials because of their high power density of more than 10 TW/cm 2 and their ultrashort pulse width. 1-6 Using a focusing fs laser, it is possible for one to induce the multiphoton reduction of Au 3+ or Ag + ions to their corresponding metal, the increase in refractive index, and the formation of void at the focal point inside the glass.However, a laser interference technique using fs laser pulses is applicable for the fabrication of periodic microstructures at a wide space of transparent materials because it produces a periodically modulated optical intensity with the size of the order of its wavelength. 7-10 Photonic crystals are materials in which the dielectric constant or refractive index is modulated periodically on a length scale comparable to the desired wavelength of the operation. 8,11 It is highly desired that periodic microstructures fabricated by a laser interference technique function as photonic crystals because the fabrication time can be shortened greatly. The interference of two beams produced by splitting a single laser beam can create one-dimensional (1D) periodic structures at the surface of transparent bulk materials. 7 Two-dimensional (2D) and 3D periodic structures can be fabricated using three and fourbeam interference, respectively. 8-10 Recently, we also reported the fabrication of periodic microstructures in azodyedoped polymers by multibeam interference of fs laser pulses in which a refractive index contrast (∆n) of about 5.5 × 10 -4 was induced inside the polymer.9,10 The value is large enough to induce the Bragg diffraction, but a larger ∆n value is needed in order for the periodic structures to function as photonic crystals. One method of achieving large ∆n values for photonic crystals is to make periodically aligned void structures in transparent materials. However, it is difficult to form a periodical void array using the laser interference technique in transparent materials such as glass.In this paper, we report a novel method for fabricating periodic nanosized voids inside a glass sample using a focused fs laser beam. In the conventional method, a focused fs laser beam produces a single void at the focal point. 4 Therefore, the fabrication of a periodic void array is achieved by precisely translating the glass sample.12 Our method does not require such a procedure. Surprisingly, periodically aligned voi...

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“…Therefore, in the near future the fiber fuse phenomenon will pose a real danger to optical communication systems constructed with conventional single-mode fibers [37]. There have already been many experimental and theoretical reports on the fiber fuse phenomenon [20,33,34,36,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. In addition, several devices have been proposed with a view to avoiding the catastrophic damage caused by a fiber fuse, for example, a fiber fuse terminator using a tapered fiber [53] and a thermally-diffused expanded core (TEC) fiber [54] for an input power of not more than 2 W. A device has been reported that can rapidly detect a fiber fuse and terminate it by monitoring the light backreflected from it [55].…”

Section: Applicability To High Power Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holey fibers for low bend loss

Nakajima¹,

Saito²,

Yamada³

et al. 2013

Nanophotonics

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Bending-loss insensitive fiber (BIF) has proved an essential medium for constructing the current fiber to the home (FTTH) network. By contrast, the progress that has been made on holey fiber (HF) technologies provides us with novel possibilities including non-telecom applications. In this paper, we review recent progress on hole-assisted type BIF. A simple design consideration is overviewed. We then describe some of the properties of HAF including its mechanical reliability. Finally, we introduce some applications of HAF including to high power transmission. We show that HAF with a low bending loss has the potential for use in various future optical technologies as well as in the optical communication network.

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Track of a fiber fuse: a Rayleigh instability in optical waveguides

Cited by 55 publications

References 8 publications

Fiber Fuse Propagation Behavior

Fiber Fuse Propagation Behavior

Periodic Nanovoid Structures via Femtosecond Laser Irradiation

Holey fibers for low bend loss

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