2011
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100684108
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Tracking Baltic hypoxia and cod migration over millennia with natural tags

Abstract: Growing hypoxic and anoxic areas in coastal environments reduce fish habitat, but the interactions and impact on fish in these areas are poorly understood. Using "natural tag" properties of otoliths, we found significant correlations between the extent of Baltic Sea hypoxia and Mn/Ca ratios in regions of cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths corresponding to year 1 of life; this is associated with elevated bottom water dissolved manganese that increases with hypoxia. Elevated Mn/Ca ratios were also found in other years … Show more

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Cited by 119 publications
(102 citation statements)
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“…Two-way ANOVA investigating effects on Atlantic croaker otolith mass and elemental ratios, of Treatment (control, constant hypoxia, periodic hypoxia), Sex (male, female), and the interaction of Treatment × Sex in the 10 wk hypoxia study. Significant effects (p < 0.05) are shown in bold field studies have attributed elevated otolith Mn to hypoxic redox conditions in Pamlico Sound (Thorrold & Shuttleworth 2000), Chesapeake Bay (Dorval et al 2007), and the Baltic Sea (Limburg et al 2011). The mechanism of Mn incorporation into otoliths is unclear, but substitution with Ca 2+ ions in the aragonite crystal lattice has been suggested, as Mn has not been detected bound to proteins in cod otoliths (Miller et al 2006).…”
Section: Redox-sensitive Otolith Proxiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Two-way ANOVA investigating effects on Atlantic croaker otolith mass and elemental ratios, of Treatment (control, constant hypoxia, periodic hypoxia), Sex (male, female), and the interaction of Treatment × Sex in the 10 wk hypoxia study. Significant effects (p < 0.05) are shown in bold field studies have attributed elevated otolith Mn to hypoxic redox conditions in Pamlico Sound (Thorrold & Shuttleworth 2000), Chesapeake Bay (Dorval et al 2007), and the Baltic Sea (Limburg et al 2011). The mechanism of Mn incorporation into otoliths is unclear, but substitution with Ca 2+ ions in the aragonite crystal lattice has been suggested, as Mn has not been detected bound to proteins in cod otoliths (Miller et al 2006).…”
Section: Redox-sensitive Otolith Proxiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although much otolith chemistry research has focused on chemical identifiers of migratory movements and stock discrimination (Walther & Limburg 2012), there is significant potential for geochemical indicators of hypoxia exposure to be recorded in otoliths. In particular, otolith manganese (Mn) is a viable geochemical hypoxia proxy (Limburg et al 2011). Hypoxia alters redox conditions such that Mn oxides are reduced; the reduced forms (primarily Mn 2+ but also Mn 3+ ) are soluble, and under suboxic/hypoxic conditions, dissolved Mn can be released into the water column (Thamdrup et al 1994, Slomp et al 1997) and remain dissolved for several days (Pakhomova et al 2007).…”
Section: Open Pen Access Ccessmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis can now exploit a larger array of materials and preservational settings than previously assumed, with a temporal scope to 1 Ma (million years ago) and full paleo-genomes now within reach (42). Diet, home range, growth rate, and other life-history information are regularly reconstructed for specimens from well-dated assemblages using many of the same isotopic, elemental, and histologic (e.g., sclerochronologic) methods applied to live-collected individuals, revealing both the vulnerability of species undergoing past population bottlenecks and their unsuspected trophic and life-history flexibility (43)(44)(45)(46).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cod landings in the Baltic decline with an increase in stratification that affects the buoyancy of cod eggs so that they do not reach suitable habitat for development and with an increase in volume of hypoxic bottom-water that negatively affects survivability (9,10). A similar decrease in cod landings in the western Atlantic is potentially related to increasing nutrient loads in the St. Lawrence River estuary and subsequent hypoxia (11,12).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%