Tracking Growth, Biochemical Responses, and Ion Uptake in Paronychia Argentea Micro Plants Grown in Vitro under Salinity Induced Environment

Abstract

Paronychia argentea is a wild medicinal herbaceous herb that contains many secondary metabolites. It grows wild in Jordan under harsh high salinity soil conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity stress on growth, biochemical responses, and ion uptake of in vitro Paronychia argentea micro plants. Our results revealed a clear reduction in all growth parameters in response to an increase in salinity level used (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mM). When the growth medium was supplemented with 200 mM NaCl; the fresh and dry weights were reduced by 40% compared with the control treatment. Moreover, micro plant uptake of phosphorus calcium and potassium ions decreased with increasing salinity levels. The Mg++ content was increased by 10% at the 25 mM level of NaCl compared with control, while it declined by 20% at 200 mM of NaCl. On the other hand, Na+ uptake increased with increasing salinity levels and reached a maximum value of (18328 ppm/D. W) at 200 mM NaCl. Moreover, proline content increased in response to salinity level to record maximum value (80.8 µmole/g) at 200 mM NaCl compared to (30.4 µmol/g) obtained in the control. Quercetins content in P. argentea micro plants was increased by 1.7-fold in concentration in response to salinity at 50 mM of NaCl, while an about 7-fold increase in the concentration of isorhamnetin content was obtained due to salinity at 100 mM.

Determination of effects 24-epibrassinolide in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) shoot tip cultures under NaCl stress

“…Total soluble protein content in 24-epiBL non-pretreated shoots was induced at a low NaCl concentration (20 mM NaCl), but this parameter decreased with increasing NaCl stress. Amini & Ehsanpour (2006), Shibli et al (2007), Mohamed et al (2011) andAbu-Khadejeh et al (2011) reported that protein content in tomato decreased under salt stress, similar to our study findings. The decrease in the protein content under NaCl stress might be due to protein degredation, denaturation, proteolysis, decreases in the protein synthesis and free amino acids (El-Mashad & Mohamed 2012).…”

“…Since tomato plants are considered moderately tolerant to salt stress, 80 mM and 100 mM NaCl concentrations caused a dramatic decrease in developmental parameters for the M-28 hybrid cultivar we used for our study. Similar results related to development of shoots and roots of plantlets were also obtained in different works (Mercado et al 2000;Shibli et al 2007;Abu-Khadejeh et al 2011;Srinieng et al 2015;Khaliluev et al 2022). Roşca et al ( 2023) stated that reducing plant development under salt conditions may be an adaptive morphological strategy to limit water loss through transpiration.…”