Tracking of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in school-age children

Webber, Larry S.; Cresanta, James L.; Voors, Antonie W.; Berenson, Gerald S.

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(83)90081-4

Cited by 169 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Feinleib et al 31 found little or no genetic variability in male veteran twin pairs for total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL, while Vogler et al 32 found that the common family environment contributed less than 10% of the variance for HDL, LDL, and VLDL. Although lipid and lipoprotein levels may track fairly well in children, 33 - 34 we cannot predict that the explanatory models for these measures will remain the same into adulthood. We did see a significant negative relation between a positive family history for cardiovascular disease and HDL in an earlier study of these twins; however, even though the genetic variability may be the same in adults and children, the genes that contribute to the variables could differ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Genetic and environmental contributions to cholesterol and its subfractions in 11-year-old twins. The Medical College of Virginia Twin Study.

Bodurtha

Chen

Mosteller

et al. 1991

Arterioscler Thromb

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We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the genetic and environmental contributions to the variance of lipoprotein cholesterol and its subfractions in children during early adolescence. Univariate path analysis was used to determine the relative contributions of genes, individual environment, and family environment to these measures in 233 11-year-old Caucasian twin pairs. For high density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein 2 , low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, a model that incorporated genes and individual environmental variation but not common environment was sufficient to explain the variation. Different magnitudes of genetic effects were seen for total cholesterol in boys and girls. High density lipoprotein 3 showed different magnitudes by sex for genetic and individual environmental effect. Intermediate density lipoprotein was the only cholesterol subfraction in which shared, or common, environment was found to make a statistically significant contribution to the variation. (Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 1991;ll:844-850) H eart disease tends to cluster in families. 1Certain rare genetic disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia that are poorly responsive to dietary and other environmental changes are responsible for only a small fraction of the prevalence of coronary heart disease. The genetic contribution versus the environmental effects of other lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities to the familial aggregation of cardiovascular disease is less well known, yet broad public health recommendations have been made both for children and adults of both sexes to reduce their cholesterol intake. Plasma concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol have been shown to be directly related to the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults.2 High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has shown an inverse relation. A key question concerns the extent to which environmental differences account for variation in lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in children Received June 22, 1990; revision accepted February 8, 1991. because the efficacy of alternative intervention strategies could depend on the issue. To explore, in early-pubertal children, the genetic and environmental contributions to variation in cholesterol and its major subfractions, HDL (including HDL 2 and HDL 3 ), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, we measured these variables in 233 11-year-old Caucasian twin pairs and obtained point estimates of the additive genetic, shared environmental, unique environmental, and sex-specific genetic effects on these traits. MethodsFrom school rosters we ascertained 233 Caucasian twin pairs living in Virginia who represent an unbiased volunteer sample of the central Virginia twin population. The twins were examined at times as near to their 11th birthdays as possible. Informed consent for the institutionally approved protocol was obtained from the twins and their parents. Zygosity...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Genetic and environmental contributions to cholesterol and its subfractions in 11-year-old twins. The Medical College of Virginia Twin Study.

Bodurtha

Chen

Mosteller

et al. 1991

Arterioscler Thromb

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“…[13][14][15][16][17] Body weight and height track well and healthy children usually grow in special growth patterns and this has been used in the growth charts to screen for pathological processes. The results concerning tracking of BP have been mixed and it seems as though BP would not track as well as cholesterol or height and weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results concerning tracking of BP have been mixed and it seems as though BP would not track as well as cholesterol or height and weight. 14,18 BP tracking would be a logical consequence of programming and therefore a lack of tracking would strongly argue against the fetal growth hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth in childhood and blood pressure in Finnish children

Forsén¹,

Nissinen

Tuomilehto³

et al. 1998

J Hum Hypertens

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The aims of this prospective cohort study were to monitor childhood blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol and link them to fetal and childhood growth. Of the 215 children recruited after delivery in a rural county of eastern Finland during 1981 and 1982, 180 (83.7%) stayed in the study until the age of seven. The measurements assessed were BP, serum cholesterol and anthropometry. Of the children originally in the highest BP quartile at the age of 6 months, 58% (systolic BP (SBP)) and 68% (diastolic BP (DBP)), respectively, remained in the same quartile until the age of 7 years; 53% (SBP) and 60% (DBP), respectively, remained in the same lowest quartile. Consequently, BP at 6 months correlated strongly with SBP (r = 0.69, P Ͻ 0.001) and DBP (r = 0.75,

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“…There is evidence that young people develop risk factors [12][13][14] and disease evidence for coronary heart disease early 15,16 and, in Ireland as elsewhere 17 , obesity is becoming a major public health problem for children. Patterns of eating are changing with a strong reliance on frequent snacking and consumption of so-called junk foods 3,[18][19][20][21][22][23] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Nutrition Education at Primary School (NEAPS) programme

Friel

Kelleher

Campbell

et al. 1999

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the impact and suitability of a pilot dietary educational programme for primary school pupils. The Nutrition Education at Primary School (NEAPS) programme aimed to build awareness of the benefits of healthy eating, induce positive behaviour change and increase the children's knowledge. Design: A comparative quasi-experimental study with follow-up after 3 months. Setting: Eight primary schools in the Eastern and North Western Health Boards and three control schools in the same board regions. Subjects: Data were used from 821 Irish school children aged 8-10 years old. Methods:The education programme comprised 20 sessions over 10 weeks including circular worksheets, homework assignments and an aerobic exercise regime. At baseline and after 3 months pupils completed food diaries and a validated food pairing questionnaire on food behaviour, knowledge and preferences. Results: Significant differences were found in the intervention children's behaviour and preference levels after the NEAPS programme (P Ͻ 0.01 in both sections). Knowledge levels were very high at baseline and though some individual items improved, average change overall was not significant. Rural children appeared to benefit more in behaviour and preferences from the programme (P Ͻ 0.01). The NEAPS programme appeared to be less effective in pupils in disadvantaged areas (P Ͻ 0.01 for each of the sections: behaviour, preference and knowledge). One hundred and eighty-seven children completed food diaries. The intervention children's consumption of fruit and vegetables increased, and they consumed less salty snacks after the programme. Rural children were confirmed to have healthier diets at baseline. Conclusions: Following the NEAPS pilot programme positive changes were seen in the school children's eating behaviour and preferences for healthier foodstuffs. This suggests successful development of a culturally sensitive nutrition education programme for school children aged 8-10 years.

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Tracking of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in school-age children

Cited by 169 publications

References 32 publications

Genetic and environmental contributions to cholesterol and its subfractions in 11-year-old twins. The Medical College of Virginia Twin Study.

Genetic and environmental contributions to cholesterol and its subfractions in 11-year-old twins. The Medical College of Virginia Twin Study.

Growth in childhood and blood pressure in Finnish children

Evaluation of the Nutrition Education at Primary School (NEAPS) programme

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