Tracking SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Mozambique using pandemic-scale phylogenies: a retrospective observational study

Martínez-Martínez, Francisco José; Massinga, Arsénia J.; Jesus, Áuria De; Ernesto, Rita M.; Cano-Jiménez, Pablo; Chiner‐Oms, Álvaro; Gómez-Díaz, Elena; Guillot-Fernández, Marina; Guinovart, Caterina; Sitoe, António; Vubil, Delfino; Bila, Rubão; Gujamo, Rufino; Enosse, Sónia; Jiménez-Serrano, Santiago; Torres-Puente, Manuela; Comas, Iñaki; Mandomando, Inácio; López, Mariana G.; Mayor, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00169-9

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, the migration to and from southern African countries, particularly South Africa, has an important significance for the spread of the virus. The latter is especially relevant because a significant part of the Manhiça male adult population migrates to that country and travels back and forth regularly, mostly during the holiday season, and because of forced circumstances such as repatriations, medical needs, and others, also South Africa has been shown to be an important source for the introduction SARS‐CoV‐2 variants [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As of March 2023, around 230,000 confirmed cases and around two thousand deaths (representing 0.03% of the global deaths) were reported. The country experienced four epidemic waves [ 12 ], dominated by the wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants during the first (September–December 2020), second (January–March 2021), third (June–September 2021), and fourth (December 2021–January 2022) waves [ 13 , 14 ]. Following global recommendations, Mozambique introduced vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2, one year after the first confirmed case through the COVAX mechanism and with financial support from international donors [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High SARS‐CoV‐2 Exposure in Rural Southern Mozambique After Four Waves of COVID‐19: Community‐Based Seroepidemiological Surveys

de Jesus,

Ernesto,

Massinga

et al. 2024

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundMozambique was one of many African countries with limited testing capacity for SARS‐CoV‐2. Serosurveys, an alternative to estimate the real exposure to understand the epidemiology and transmission dynamics, have been scarce in Mozambique. Herein, we aimed to estimate the age‐specific seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the general population of the Manhiça District, at four time points, for evaluating dynamics of exposure and the impact of vaccination.MethodsWe conducted four community‐based seroepidemiological surveys separated by 3 months between May 2021 and June 2022 to assess the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. An age‐stratified (0–19, 20–39, 40–59, and ≥ 60 years) sample of 4810 individuals was randomly selected from demographic surveillance database, and their blood samples were analyzed using WANTAI SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG + IgM ELISA. Nasopharyngeal swabs from a subsample of 2209 participants were also assessed for active infection by RT‐qPCR.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence increased from 27.6% in the first survey (May 2021) to 63.6%, 91.2%, and 91.1% in the second (October 2021), third (January 2022), and fourth (May 2022) surveys, respectively. Seroprevalence in individuals < 18 years, who were not eligible for vaccination, increased from 23.1% in the first survey to 87.1% in the fourth. The prevalence of active infection was below 10.1% in all surveys.ConclusionsA high seroprevalence to SARS‐CoV‐2 was observed in the study population, including individuals not eligible for vaccination at that time, particularly after circulation of the highly transmissible Delta variant. These data are important to inform decision making on the vaccination strategies in the context of pandemic slowdown in Mozambique.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High SARS‐CoV‐2 Exposure in Rural Southern Mozambique After Four Waves of COVID‐19: Community‐Based Seroepidemiological Surveys

de Jesus,

Ernesto,

Massinga

et al. 2024

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March 2021 through to April 2022. Our data collection period coincided with active SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Mozambique [19]. The rural site was in Manhiça District where the Manhiça Health and Research Centre (CISM) runs the Manhiça Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Manhiça HDSS) [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing social contact patterns in rural and urban Mozambique: the GlobalMix study, 2021-2022

Kiti,

Sacoor,

Aguolu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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1.AbstractIntroductionThere are few sources of empirical social contact data from resource-poor settings thus limiting the development of contextual mathematical models of disease transmission and control.MethodsWe collected and analyzed cross-sectional survey data from rural and urban sites in Mozambique. Participants, including infants, were recruited. They reported retrospectively, in a paper diary, individuals with whom they had a co-located physical or conversation contact, as well as their age, sex, relationship, frequency, and duration of the contact. We compared vaccine effects (VE) by parameterizing transmission models using empirical and synthetic contact rates.Results1363 participants recruited between April 2021 and April 2022 reported a mean of 8.3 (95% CI 8.0–8.6) contacts per person on day 1. Mean contact rates were higher in the rural compared to urban site (9.8 [9.4–10.2 vs 6.8 [6.5–7.1], p<0.01), respectively. Participants aged ≤18 years were the main drivers of higher physical contacts. In the model, we report higher VE in the rural site when comparing empirical to synthetic contact matrices (32% vs 29%, respectively), and lower corresponding VE in urban site (32% vs 35%). These effects were prominent in the younger (0-9 years old) and older (60+ years) individuals.ConclusionOur work suggests differences in contact rates and patterns between rural and urban sites in Mozambique, with corresponding differences in vaccine effects on an infectious pathogen. We also demonstrate the utility of empirical data in infectious disease modelling for high-burden, low-income settings.

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SARS-CoV-2 in low-income countries: the need for sustained genomic surveillance

Gonzalez‐Reiche

2023

The Lancet Global Health

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Tracking SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Mozambique using pandemic-scale phylogenies: a retrospective observational study

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

High SARS‐CoV‐2 Exposure in Rural Southern Mozambique After Four Waves of COVID‐19: Community‐Based Seroepidemiological Surveys

High SARS‐CoV‐2 Exposure in Rural Southern Mozambique After Four Waves of COVID‐19: Community‐Based Seroepidemiological Surveys

Characterizing social contact patterns in rural and urban Mozambique: the GlobalMix study, 2021-2022

SARS-CoV-2 in low-income countries: the need for sustained genomic surveillance

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